Table 8 Associations between lifestyle practices after diagnosis and characteristics of the study population (n=483)
Characteristic | Stopped or reduced alcohol (n= 131) | Stopped or reduced smoking (n=78) | Not sharing eating and drinking utensils (n=243) | Did not increased exercise (n=67) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n (%) | p value | n (%) | p value | n (%) | p value | n (%) | p value | |
Age (years) | ||||||||
<30 | 14 (77.8) | ns | 8 (61.5) | ns | 33 (42.9) | ≤0.001** | 9 (22.0) | ns |
30–39 | 25 (80.6) | 18 (78.3) | 31 (36.9) | 13 (23.6) | ||||
40–49 | 35 (89.7) | 20 (74.1) | 43 (45.3) | 23 (32.4) | ||||
50–59 | 34 (94.4) | 18 (90.0) | 74 (55.6) | 14 (19.2) | ||||
≥60 | 23 (88.5) | 14 (82.4) | 62 (68.1) | 8 (15.4) | ||||
Gender | ||||||||
Male | 95 (87.2) | ns | 60 (78.9) | ns | 141(51.5) | ns | 38 (22.2) | ns |
Female | 36 (87.8) | 18 (75.0) | 102(49.5) | 29 (24.0) | ||||
Ethnicity | ||||||||
Malay | 11 (61.1) | 0.002* | 16 (69.6) | ns | 46 (42.6) | 0.038* | 17 (27.9) | ns |
Chinese | 117(90.7) | 60 (81.1) | 186(52.8) | 44 (20.4) | ||||
Indian | 3 (100) | 2 (66.7) | 9 (75.0) | 3 (33.3) | ||||
Others | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 2 (25.0) | 3 (50.0) | ||||
Education level (Age) | ||||||||
Primary (7–12 years) and under | 15 (88.2) | ns | 12 (92.3) | ns | 29 (46.8) | ns | 8 (22.2) | ns |
Secondary (13–17 years) | 66 (84.6) | 43 (76.8) | 129(55.1) | 37 (24.3) | ||||
Tertiary (18 and above) | 50 (90.9) | 23 (74.2) | 85 (46.2) | 22 (21.2) | ||||
Occupation | ||||||||
Professional | 32 (84.2) | ns | 14 (60.9) | ns | 43 (51.8) | ns | 9 (16.7) | ns |
Skilled | 14 (87.5) | 10 (90.9) | 17 (41.5) | 7 (29.2) | ||||
Unskilled | 52 (94.5) | 32 (84.2) | 82 (46.6) | 28 (25.9) | ||||
Unemployed | 23 (79.3) | 18 (81.8) | 70 (59.3) | 18 (26.1) | ||||
Housewife | 10 (83.3) | 4 (66.7) | 31 (50.0) | 5 (13.5) | ||||
Duration of diagnosis (years) (n=478) ^ | (n=241)a | (n=65)a | ||||||
<10 | 56 (84.8) | ns | 35 (76.1) | ns | 102(49.5) | ns | 28 (21.9) | ns |
10 to 19 | 42 (91.3) | 23 (79.3) | 81 (50.6) | 22 (23.9) | ||||
≥20 | 33 (89.2) | 20 (83.3) | 58 (53.2) | 15 (21.7) | ||||
Ever received therapy(n=194) # | (n=61)b | (n=47)c | (n=99)d | (n=35)e | ||||
Yes (n=110) | 38 (88.4) | ns | 26 (89.7) | ns | 59 (54.1) | ns | 19 (26.0) | ns |
No (n=84) | 23 (85.2) | 21 (77.8) | 40 (47.6) | 16 (28.6) | ||||
Presence of Cirrhosis | ||||||||
Yes | 23 (92.0) | ns | 16 (84.2) | ns | 47 (63.5) | 0.022* | 11 (24.4) | ns |
No | 108 (86.4) | 62 (76.5) | 196(48.3) | 56 (22.7) | ||||