Table 1 Sample description
From: Factors associated with differences in perceived health among German long-term unemployed
Characteristic | Total sample (n=365) | |
|---|---|---|
Demographic variables | ||
Age (years) | mean (SD) | 43.7 (11.1) |
Women | n (%) | 211 (57.8) |
School years | mean (SD) | 10.6 (1.9) [5] |
School years, categorized | [5] | |
< 10 years | n (%) | 120 (33.3) |
10-11 years | n (%) | 116 (32.2) |
>= 12 years | n (%) | 124 (34.4) |
Social variables | ||
Living in steady relationship | n (%) | 134 (37.2) [5] |
Duration of unemployment | [12] | |
< 5 years | n (%) | 106 (30.0) |
>= 5 years | n (%) | 178 (50.4) |
never worked in Germany | n (%) | 69 (19.6) |
Migration experience | n (%) | 132 (36.2) |
Setting job centre (vs. secondary labour market) | n (%) | 76 (20.8%) |
Perceived health variables | ||
PCS (SF-12) | mean (SD) | 44.6 (10.0) [1] |
MCS (SF-12) | mean (SD) | 44.0 (11.3) [1] |
Depression (HADS summary score) | mean (SD) | 6.4 (4.2)[2] |
HADS >= 11 | n (%) | 67 (18.5) |
8<=HADS<11 | n (%) | 66 (18.2) |
HADS < 8 | n (%) | 230 (63.4) |
Anxiety (HADS summary score) | mean (SD) | 7.3 (4.2) [3] |
HADS >= 11 | n (%) | 89 (24.6) |
8<=HADS<11 | n (%) | 82 (22.7) |
HADS < 8 | n (%) | 191 (52.8) |
Problematic mental health status (HADS Depression >= 8 and/or HADS Anxiety >=8) | n (%) | 198 (54.6) [2] |
Health status variables (risk factors) | ||
Blood pressure (systol.) | mean (SD) | 126.0 (19.8) [6] |
Blood pressure (diast.) | mean (SD) | 85.5 (12.7) [6] |
Hypertonus (>140/90) | n (%) | 121 (33.7) [6] |
Body Mass Index (BMI) | mean (SD) | 27.8 (6.5) [6] |
BMI >= 30 | n (%) | 104 (29.0) |
25 <= BMI < 30 | n (%) | 116 (32.3) |
18.5 <= BMI < 25 | n (%) | 132 (36.8) |
BMI < 18.5 | n (%) | 7 (2.0) |
Health behaviour variables (risk factors) | ||
Physical activity | [9] | |
low/medium | n (%) | 267 (75.0) |
high (at least three times/week) | n (%) | 89 (25.0) |
Smoking behaviour | [6] | |
Smokers | n (%) | 193 (53.8) |
Never smoked | n (%) | 119 (33.2) |
Stopped smoking | n (%) | 47 (13.1) |
Alcohol consumption (AUDIT-C screening test) | [7] | |
no consumption (♂: 0 ♀: 0) | n (%) | 116 (32.4) |
moderate consumption (♂: 1–4; ♀: 1–3) | n (%) | 160 (44.7) |
risk consumption (♂: ≥ 5; ♀: ≥ 4) | n (%) | 82 (22.9) |