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Table 1 Cooking locations, expenditures, and smoke exposure at baseline and follow-up, Nyanza Province, Kenya, July 2008–December 2009 a

From: A strategy to increase adoption of locally-produced, ceramic cookstoves in rural Kenyan households

 

Baseline survey

 

Follow-up survey

 

Three-stone stove

Three-stone stove

Upesi jiko

P-valueb

 

(n  = 1250)

(n  = 202)

(n  = 91)

 
 

N (%)

N (%)

N (%)

 

Cooking location c

   

0.0002

Indoors, kitchen as separate room

210 (16.8)

38 (18.9)

20 (22.0)

 

Indoors, same room where people live/sleep

351 (28.1)

68 (33.8)

15 (16.5)

 

A separate building dedicated for cooking

613 (49.0)

74 (36.8)

54 (59.3)

 

Outdoors/outside the house

425 (34.0)

21 (10.5)

2 (2.2)

 

Money spent on firewood (shillings/week) d

   

0.004

1–99

110 (22.3)

40 (23.0)

34 (40.5)

 

100–199

205 (41.6)

85 (48.9)

25 (29.8)

 

200 or more

178 (36.1)

49 (28.2)

25 (29.8)

 

Total time spent collecting firewood (hours/day) e

   

0.79

1 or less

315 (27.0)

77 (49.0)

29 (45.3)

 

2

466 (39.9)

69 (44.0)

29 (45.3)

 

3 or more

305 (26.1)

11 (7.0)

6 (9.4)

 

Total time spent cooking (hours/day)

   

0.19

Less than three

28 (2.2)

–

–

 

3–4

448 (35.8)

96 (48.5)

43 (50.0)

 

5–6

675 (54.0)

90 (45.5)

42 (48.8)

 

7 or more

99 (7.9)

12 (6.1)

1 (1.2)

 

Children <2 years of age present while cooking f

   

0.27

Yes, always

333 (42.3)

29 (29.0%)

18 (41.9%)

 

Yes, sometimes

264 (33.5)

53 (53.0%)

17 (39.5%)

 

Never

191 (24.2)

18 (18.0%)

8 (18.6%)

 

Daily smoke exposure duration for children <2 years of age

   

0.01

60 minutes or less

57 (10.0)

64 (78.0%)

21 (61.8%)

 

60–120 minutes

245 (43.1)

18 (22.0%)

10 (29.4%)

 

120 minutes or more

267 (46.9)

0

3 (8.8%)

 

Children 2 to <5 years of age present while cooking f

   

0.27

Yes, always

375 (37.0)

31 (22.3%)

14 (35.0%)

 

Yes, sometimes

517 (51.0)

88 (63.3%)

21 (52.5%)

 

Never

121 (11.9)

20 (14.4%)

5 (12.5%)

 

Daily smoke exposure duration for children 2 to <5 years of age

   

0.02

60 minutes or less

64 (7.2)

101 (84.2%)

21 (61.8%)

 

60–120 minutes

439 (49.2)

17 (14.2%)

12 (41.4%)

 

120 minutes or more

390 (43.7)

2 (1.7%)

1 (2.9%)

 

Children 2 to <5 years of age sleep in kitchen at night

   

0.01

Yes, every night

617 (53.2)

48 (34.5%)

5 (12.8%)

 

Yes, sometimes/rarely

48 (4.1)

11 (7.9%)

1 (2.6%)

 

No, never

495 (42.7)

80 (57.6%)

33 (84.6%)

 
  1. a Stove types are upesi jiko (ceramic-lined cookstoves) vs. three-stone stoves (traditional firepits with surrounding stones).
  2. b P-values are for χ 2 tests of association between stove type and cooking locations, expenditures, and smoke exposure in follow-up survey.
  3. c Cooking locations sum to >100% in baseline survey because of multiple locations. Primary cooking locations analyzed for follow-up survey.
  4. d One hundred Kenyan shillings was approximately 1.25 U.S. dollars in 2008.
  5. e Eighty-three (7.1%) respondents reported spending no time collecting firewood in the baseline survey.
  6. f Among 788 (63.0%) households with children less than 2 years of age or 1013 (81.0%) households with children 2 to less than 5 years of age.
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