Table 1 Cooking locations, expenditures, and smoke exposure at baseline and follow-up, Nyanza Province, Kenya, July 2008–December 2009 a
From: A strategy to increase adoption of locally-produced, ceramic cookstoves in rural Kenyan households
| Baseline survey | Follow-up survey | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Three-stone stove | Three-stone stove | Upesi jiko | P-valueb | ||
| (n = 1250) | (n = 202) | (n = 91) | |||
| N (%) | N (%) | N (%) | |||
| Cooking location c | 0.0002 | ||||
| Indoors, kitchen as separate room | 210 (16.8) | 38 (18.9) | 20 (22.0) | ||
| Indoors, same room where people live/sleep | 351 (28.1) | 68 (33.8) | 15 (16.5) | ||
| A separate building dedicated for cooking | 613 (49.0) | 74 (36.8) | 54 (59.3) | ||
| Outdoors/outside the house | 425 (34.0) | 21 (10.5) | 2 (2.2) | ||
| Money spent on firewood (shillings/week) d | 0.004 | ||||
| 1–99 | 110 (22.3) | 40 (23.0) | 34 (40.5) | ||
| 100–199 | 205 (41.6) | 85 (48.9) | 25 (29.8) | ||
| 200 or more | 178 (36.1) | 49 (28.2) | 25 (29.8) | ||
| Total time spent collecting firewood (hours/day) e | 0.79 | ||||
| 1 or less | 315 (27.0) | 77 (49.0) | 29 (45.3) | ||
| 2 | 466 (39.9) | 69 (44.0) | 29 (45.3) | ||
| 3 or more | 305 (26.1) | 11 (7.0) | 6 (9.4) | ||
| Total time spent cooking (hours/day) | 0.19 | ||||
| Less than three | 28 (2.2) | – | – | ||
| 3–4 | 448 (35.8) | 96 (48.5) | 43 (50.0) | ||
| 5–6 | 675 (54.0) | 90 (45.5) | 42 (48.8) | ||
| 7 or more | 99 (7.9) | 12 (6.1) | 1 (1.2) | ||
| Children <2 years of age present while cooking f | 0.27 | ||||
| Yes, always | 333 (42.3) | 29 (29.0%) | 18 (41.9%) | ||
| Yes, sometimes | 264 (33.5) | 53 (53.0%) | 17 (39.5%) | ||
| Never | 191 (24.2) | 18 (18.0%) | 8 (18.6%) | ||
| Daily smoke exposure duration for children <2 years of age | 0.01 | ||||
| 60 minutes or less | 57 (10.0) | 64 (78.0%) | 21 (61.8%) | ||
| 60–120 minutes | 245 (43.1) | 18 (22.0%) | 10 (29.4%) | ||
| 120 minutes or more | 267 (46.9) | 0 | 3 (8.8%) | ||
| Children 2 to <5 years of age present while cooking f | 0.27 | ||||
| Yes, always | 375 (37.0) | 31 (22.3%) | 14 (35.0%) | ||
| Yes, sometimes | 517 (51.0) | 88 (63.3%) | 21 (52.5%) | ||
| Never | 121 (11.9) | 20 (14.4%) | 5 (12.5%) | ||
| Daily smoke exposure duration for children 2 to <5 years of age | 0.02 | ||||
| 60 minutes or less | 64 (7.2) | 101 (84.2%) | 21 (61.8%) | ||
| 60–120 minutes | 439 (49.2) | 17 (14.2%) | 12 (41.4%) | ||
| 120 minutes or more | 390 (43.7) | 2 (1.7%) | 1 (2.9%) | ||
| Children 2 to <5 years of age sleep in kitchen at night | 0.01 | ||||
| Yes, every night | 617 (53.2) | 48 (34.5%) | 5 (12.8%) | ||
| Yes, sometimes/rarely | 48 (4.1) | 11 (7.9%) | 1 (2.6%) | ||
| No, never | 495 (42.7) | 80 (57.6%) | 33 (84.6%) | ||