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Table 2 Regression analysesā€  in which education level and income level predicted four smoking related outcomes

From: Trends in socioeconomic inequalities in smoking prevalence, consumption, initiation, and cessation between 2001 and 2008 in the Netherlands. Findings from a national population survey

Ā Ā 

Men

Women

Ā 
Ā 

2001

2008

2001

2008

Smoking prevalence

Ā Ā Ā Ā 

Education level*

Ā Ā Ā Ā 

Low

1.75 (1.55 to 1.97)

1.84 (1.62 to 2.09)

1.79 (1.56 to 2.06)

2.26 (1.96 to 2.62)

Moderate

1.32 (1.17 to 1.49)

1.44 (1.27 to 1.64)

1.25 (1.09 to 1.44)

1.62 (1.41 to 1.87)

High

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

Income level

Ā Ā Ā Ā 

Low

1.33 (1.17 to 1.51)

1.49 (1.31 to 1.70)

1.52 (1.33 to 1.74

1.83 (1.58 to 2.10)

Moderate

1.13 (0.99 to 1.28)

1.11 (0.98 to 1.25)

1.12 (0.97 to 1.30)

1.39 (1.20 to 1.60)

High

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

Smoking consumption

Ā Ā Ā Ā 

Education level

Ā Ā Ā Ā 

Low

0.11 (0.06 to 0.17)

0.17 (0.11 to 0.23)

0.11 (0.05 to 0.17)

0.20 (0.13 to 0.26)

Moderate

0.07 (0.02 to 0.13)

0.07 (0.01 to 0.13)

0.01 (āˆ’0.05 to 0.07)

0.12 (0.06 to 0.18)

High

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

Income level

Ā Ā Ā Ā 

Low

0.06 (0.00 to 0.11)

0.00 (āˆ’0.06 to 0.06)

0.12 (0.06 to 0.17)

0.15 (0.08 to 0.20)

Moderate

0.05 (āˆ’0.01 to 0.11)

āˆ’0.01 (āˆ’0.06 to 0.04)

0.06 (0.00 to 0.12)

0.08 (0.02 to 0.14)

High

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

Initiation ratio

Ā Ā Ā Ā 

Education level

Ā Ā Ā Ā 

Low

1.87 (1.66 to 2.10)

2.24 (1.99 (2.52)

1.41 (1.25 to 1.59)

1.73 (1.53 to 1.95)

Moderate

1.43 (1.27 to 1.61)

1.47 (1.30 to 1.65)

1.19 (1.05 to 1.34)

1.45 (1.29 to 1.63)

High

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

Income level

Ā Ā Ā Ā 

Low

1.32 (1.16 to 1.51)

1.51 (1.32 to 1.73)

1.25 (1.11 to 1.41)

1.32 (1.17 to 1.49)

Moderate

1.14 (1.00 to 1.30)

1.27 (1.13 to 1.43)

1.01 (0.89 to 1.14)

1.21 (1.08 to 1.37)

High

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

Quit ratio

Ā Ā Ā Ā 

Education level

Ā Ā Ā Ā 

Low

0.81 (0.70 to 0.94)

0.84 (0.71 to 0.98)

0.69 (0.58 to 0.82)

0.56 (0.47 to 0.67)

Moderate

0.95 (0.81 to 1.11)

0.83 (0.70 to 0.98)

0.92 (0.77 to 1.10)

0.73 (0.61 to 0.87)

High

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

Income level

Ā Ā Ā Ā 

Low

0.86 (0.74 to 1.01)

0.76 (0.64 to 0.89)

0.72 (0.61 to 0.85)

0.56 (0.47 to 0.66)

Moderate

0.96 (0.82 to 1.13)

1.05 (0.91 to 1.22)

0.88 (0.74 to 1.05)

0.78 (0.66 to 0.92)

High

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

  1. ā€  Odds Ratios and 95% confidence intervals are given for smoking prevalence, initiation ratio, and quit ratio, BĆØtas and 95% confidence intervals for smoking consumption. All regression coefficients were adjusted for age group. Regression coefficients in italics were non-significant.
  2. * Education level and income level were entered as independent variables in separate analyses.