Table 7 Bivariate associations between socio-demographic and reproductive health characteristics and potential barriers to accessing abortion services
Perceived availability | Perceived affordability | Favorable attitude | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n | mean | SD | t | mean | SD | t | mean | SD | t | |
Age | ||||||||||
< 25 years | 301 | 2.52 | 0.93 | -- | 2.02 | 1.05 | -- | 2.14 | 1.04 | -- |
≥ 25 years | 1110 | 2.51 | 0.92 | 0.48 | 2.00 | 1.04 | 0.38 | 2.12 | 1.00 | 0.39 |
Schooling | ||||||||||
Never attended | 873 | 2.51 | 0.91 | -0.30 | 2.03 | 1.05 | -1.50 | 2.06 | 0.97 | 2.97** |
Up to medium | 366 | 2.48 | 0.92 | 0.75 | 1.94 | 0.99 | 1.29 | 2.19 | 1.04 | -1.39 |
Secondary & above | 172 | 2.55 | 0.95 | -0.56 | 1.96 | 1.09 | 0.49 | 2.31 | 1.10 | -2.57* |
Type of family | ||||||||||
Nuclear | 621 | 2.55 | 0.88 | -- | 2.06 | 1.04 | -- | 2.13 | 1.00 | -- |
Joint/Extended | 790 | 2.48 | 0.94 | 1.14 | 1.95 | 1.04 | 1.79 | 2.13 | 1.02 | 0.021 |
Religion | ||||||||||
Hindu | 865 | 2.50 | 0.89 | 0.60 | 1.98 | 1.02 | 0.59 | 2.07 | 0.97 | 0.15* |
Muslim | 152 | 2.48 | 1.02 | 0.41 | 2.04 | 1.16 | -0.54 | 2.07 | 1.11 | -0.69 |
Other | 394 | 2.55 | 0.93 | -1.04 | 2.01 | 1.05 | -0.30 | 2.26 | 1.05 | -3.15** |
Caste | ||||||||||
General | 169 | 2.42 | 0.83 | 1.41 | 2.10 | 1.11 | -1.38 | 2.23 | 1.06 | -2.12* |
Scheduled Caste | 118 | 2.49 | 0.87 | 0.21 | 2.05 | 1.02 | -0.61 | 2.00 | 1.01 | 1.39 |
Scheduled Tribe | 447 | 2.58 | 0.94 | -1.77 | 1.96 | 1.06 | 0.72 | 2.20 | 1.04 | -1.74 |
Other Backward Class | 677 | 2.49 | 0.93 | 0.61 | 1.98 | 1.02 | 0.56 | 2.06 | 0.97 | 2.23* |
Living Standard | ||||||||||
Low | 1173 | 2.52 | 0.91 | -0.51 | 2.02 | 1.05 | -1.89 | 2.15 | 1.00 | -1.93 |
Medium | 168 | 2.49 | 0.92 | 0.29 | 1.84 | 0.99 | 2.03* | 2.01 | 1.02 | 1.55 |
High | 70 | 2.47 | 0.89 | 0.44 | 1.97 | 1.03 | 0.23 | 2.00 | 1.01 | 1.00 |
State | ||||||||||
Jharkhand | 700 | 2.55 | 0.95 | -- | 2.02 | 1.04 | -- | 2.13 | 1.04 | -- |
Bihar | 711 | 2.47 | 0.88 | 1.66 | 1.98 | 1.04 | 0.74 | 2.11 | 0.97 | 0.39 |
Knowledge on legal status | ||||||||||
No | 840 | 2.47 | 0.99 | -- | 1.99 | 1.07 | -- | 1.93 | 0.93 | -- |
Yes | 571 | 2.58 | 0.80 | -2.09* | 2.00 | 1.00 | -0.20 | 2.43 | 1.06 | -9.26** |
Know source of abortion services | ||||||||||
No | 759 | 2.63 | 0.94 | -- | 2.00 | 1.07 | -- | 2.06 | 0.98 | -- |
Yes | 652 | 2.38 | 0.87 | 5.08** | 1.99 | 1.00 | 0.23 | 2.20 | 1.04 | -2.53* |
Ever pregnant | ||||||||||
No | 93 | 2.49 | 0.89 | -- | 2.20 | 1.04 | -- | 2.13 | 0.99 | -- |
Yes | 1318 | 2.52 | 0.92 | -0.29 | 1.98 | 1.04 | 1.91 | 2.12 | 1.01 | 0.08 |
Ever had abortion | ||||||||||
No | 1350 | 2.51 | 0.92 | -- | 2.00 | 1.05 | -- | 2.13 | 1.01 | -- |
Yes | 61 | 2.55 | 0.96 | -0.38 | 1.79 | 0.94 | 1.56 | 1.86 | 0.89 | 1.00 |
Ever had miscarriage | ||||||||||
No | 1222 | 2.51 | 0.91 | -- | 1.99 | 1.05 | -- | 2.12 | 1.01 | -- |
Yes | 189 | 2.53 | 0.92 | -0.30 | 2.02 | 1.00 | -0.35 | 2.11 | 0.97 | 0.12 |
Know any modern method of abortion | ||||||||||
No | 1249 | 2.48 | 0.92 | -- | 2.03 | 1.05 | -- | 2.05 | 0.98 | -- |
Yes | 11 | 2.88 | 1.00 | -1.42 | 1.73 | 1.14 | 0.94 | 3.00 | 1.43 | -3.01** |
Exposure to message on abortion | ||||||||||
No | 1232 | 2.48 | 0.93 | -- | 2.04 | 1.06 | -- | 2.03 | 0.96 | -- |
Yes | 179 | 2.74 | 0.75 | -3.59** | 1.74 | 0.88 | 3.52** | 2.84 | 1.05 | -9.84** |