Table 6 Second order interaction effects and main effects in subgroups

< 75

≥ 75

< 75

≥ 75

< 75

≥ 75

Number of shops

0.04 (0.02)

1.02 (1.01, 1.04)*

1.01 (0.99, 1.02)

1.05 (1.04, 1.07)*

1.04 (1.02, 1.05)*

1.03 (1.01, 1.04)*

1.05 (1.04, 1.07)*

Public transportation subscriptions

0.49 (0.17)

1.00 (0.75, 1.32)

0.79 (0.58, 1.07)

0.79 (0.56, 1.13)

0.85 (0.63, 1.15)

1.36 (1.13, 1.62)*

1.39 (1.12, 1.73)*

Short distances to services

-0.14 (0.06)

1.07 (1.03, 1.11)*

1.12 (1.07, 1.17)*

1.12 (1.08, 1.16)*

1.06 (1.02, 1.11)*

1.04 (1.00, 1.09)*

1.02 (0.97, 1.06)

% public transportation subscriptions

0.67 (0.21)

1.37 (0.90, 2.07)

0.91 (0.59, 1.40)

1.34 (0.88, 2.05)

1.18 (0.86, 1.63)

0.92 (0.77, 1.11)

1.13 (0.91, 1.39)

Environmental factor * urbanization * gender

Rural

Semi-urban

Urban

Males

Females

Males

Females

Males

Females

Presence of public toilets

-0.27 (0.11)

1.07 (0.93, 1.23)

1.00 (0.87, 1.16)

1.09 (0.97, 1.23)

0.98 (0.87, 1.11)

0.98 (0.86, 1.12)

0.86 (0.74, 1.00)

Presence of benches

-0.25 (0.11)

1.02 (0.89, 1.17)

1.21 (1.04, 1.41)*

1.09 (0.97, 1.24)

0.93 (0.82, 1.06)

1.06 (0.92, 1.23)

1.01 (0.86, 1.19)

Presence of street lighting

-0.28 (0.10)

0.85 (0.73, 1.00)

1.31 (1.07, 1.60)*

0.89 (0.76, 1.04)

0.97 (0.83, 1.14)

1.16 (0.95, 1.41)

1.00 (0.82, 1.23)

Public transport

0.15 (0.08)

1.09 (1.02, 1.16)*

1.05 (1.00, 1.12)

1.11(1.05, 1.18)*

1.12 (1.06, 1.18)*

1.07 (1.00, 1.14)*

1.09 (1.02, 1.15)*

Presence of crossings

-0.17 (0.08)

0.94 (0.82, 1.07)

1.00 (0.88, 1.13)

1.03 (0.90, 1.18)

0.95 (0.84, 1.07)

1.05 (0.90, 1.21)

0.98 (0.85, 1.13)

Environmental factor * age * gender

< 75

≥ 75

Males

Females

Males

Females

Absence of decay

-0.21 (0.10)

0.71 (0.61, 0.83)*

0.70 (0.61, 0.81)*

0.74 (0.59, 0.92)*

0.82 (0.67, 1.00)

Absence of noise

-0.23 (0.11)

0.87 (0.79, 0.97)*

0.73 (0.66, 0.81)*

0.81 (0.71, 0.93)*

0.77 (0.68, 0.87)*

Presence of public toilets

-0.79 (0.15)

1.06 (0.97, 1.16)

0.93 (0.84, 1.03)

1.04 (0.91, 1.18)

1.00 (0.86, 1.16)

Presence of benches

-0.73 (0.13)

1.10 (1.00, 1.20)

1.05 (0.95, 1.16)

0.96 (0.84, 1.10)

1.01 (0.87, 1.18)

Presence of crossings

-0.81 (0.14)

1.03 (0.93, 1.14)

1.00 (0.89, 1.12)

1.08 (0.93, 1.25)

0.96 (0.81, 1.13)

Traffic safety

-0.76 (0.11)

0.77(0.70, 0.85)*

0.84 (0.76, 0.94)*

0.79 (0.69, 0.90)*

0.74 (0.64, 0.86)*

Presence of street lighting

-0.79 (0.12)

1.00 (0.88, 1.12)

1.16 (1.03, 1.30)*

0.87 (0.74, 1.03)

0.92 (0.76, 1.11)

Presence of benches

-0.38 (0.10)

1.01 (0.92, 1.12)

1.02 (0.93, 1.12)

1.00 (0.89, 1.13)

0.89 (0.81, 0.99)*

Presence of crossings

-0.44 (0.09)

1.05 (0.94, 1.16)

1.03 (0.93, 1.14)

0.97 (0.84, 1.12)

0.90 (0.81, 1.00)

Traffic safety

-0.54 (0.11)

0.84 (0.76, 0.92)*

0.86 (0.79, 0.95)*

0.86 (0.77, 0.97)*

0.67 (0.61, 0.74)*

Presence of street lighting

-0.34 (0.10)

1.00 (0.90, 1.11)

1.19 (1.05, 1.35)*

0.93 (0.80, 1.07)

1.00 (0.88, 1.14)

Absence of decay

-0.41 (0.10)

1.07 (0.91, 1.26)

0.85 (0.71, 1.01)

0.72 (0.58, 0.90)*

0.79 (0.65, 0.95)*

Absence of noise

-0.39 (0.10)

1.02 (0.93, 1.13)

0.95 (0.85, 1.06)

0.85 (0.75, 0.97)*

0.86 (0.76, 0.98)*