| Total (n = 665) | Male (n = 518) | Female (n = 147) | p-value |
---|---|---|---|---|
 | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) |  |
Age (yrs) | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 < 20 years | 327 (49.2) | 243 (46.9) | 84 (57.1) | 0.04 |
 ≥ 20 years | 338 (50.8) | 275 (53.1) | 63 (42.9) |  |
Secondary school class | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Ordinary-level | 105 (15.8) | 71 (13.7) | 34 (23.1) | 0.01 |
 Advanced-level | 560 (84.2) | 447 (86.3) | 113 (76.9) |  |
Religion | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Christian | 461 (69.3) | 359 (69.3) | 102 (69.4) | 1.00 |
 Other | 204 (30.7) | 159 (30.7) | 45 (30.6) |  |
Family structure | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Both biological parents | 317 (47.7) | 256 (49.4) | 61 (41.8) | 0.20 |
 One biological parent | 105 (15.8) | 82 (15.8) | 23 (15.8) |  |
 Other | 242 (36.5) | 180 (34.8) | 62 (42.4) |  |
Father's or guardian's job | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Employed | 596 (94.8) | 466 (95.1) | 130 (93.5) | 0.60 |
 Unemployed | 33 (5.2) | 24 (4.9) | 9 (6.5) |  |
Wealth Index | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Low | 207 (31.1) | 165 (31.9) | 42 (28.6) | 0.31 |
 Middle | 231 (34.7) | 184 (35.5) | 47 (32.0) |  |
 High | 227 (34.2) | 169 (32.6) | 58 (39.4) |  |
Alcohol use in the past one year | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 No | 439 (66.0) | 338 (65.3) | 101 (68.7) | 0.50 |
 Yes | 226 (34.0) | 180 (34.7) | 46 (31.3) |  |
Drug use in the past one year | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 No | 583 (87.7) | 446 (86.1) | 137 (93.2) | 0.03 |
 Yes | 82 (12.3) | 72 (13.9) | 10 (6.8) |  |
Cigarette use in the past one year | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 No | 584 (87.8) | 445 (85.9) | 139 (94.6) | 0.01 |
 Yes | 81 (12.2) | 73(12.1) | 8 (5.4) |  |
Self-esteem a | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Low | 310 (46.8) | 246 (47.6) | 64 (43.8) | 0.48 |
 High | 353 (53.2) | 271 (52.4) | 82 (56.2) |  |
Parental monitoring a | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Low | 411 (61.8) | 327 (63.1) | 84 (57.1) | 0.22 |
 High | 254 (38.2) | 191 (36.9) | 63 (42.9) |  |
Parental communication a | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Low | 304 (45.7) | 249 (48.1) | 55 (37.4) | 0.03 |
 High | 361 (54.3) | 269 (51.9) | 92 (62.6) |  |
Delinquency a | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Low | 166 (25.0) | 133 (25.7) | 33 (22.8) | 0.54 |
 High | 497 (75.0) | 385 (74.3) | 112 (77.2) |  |
Perceived stress a | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Low | 251 (37.7) | 196 (37.8) | 55 (37.4) | 1.00 |
 High | 414 (62.3) | 322 (62.2) | 92 (62.6) |  |
School connectedness a | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Low | 324 (48.7) | 255 (49.2) | 69 (46.9) | 0.69 |
 High | 341 (51.3) | 263 (50.8) | 78 (53.1) |  |