Table 1 Characteristics of study participants according to urban-rural categories

Sex (F/M)

376/245

332/302

Age

44.6 ± 14.7

45.1 ± 14.2

NS

Smokers (%, n)

Current smokers

23.0(143)

38.0(241)

< 0.001

Ex-smokers

10.0(62)

1.7(11)

Drinkers (%, n)

38.6(240)

30.3(192)

< 0.001

Regular leisure-time physical activity

63.5(393)

10.4(66)

< 0.001

Education (%, n)

College or above

36.7(228)

3.0(19)

< 0.001

Middle school

37.7(234)

12.5(79)

Primary school or below

25.6(159)

84.5(536)

Family annual income (%, n)

≥ 10000 yuan

58.8(365)

5.8(37)

< 0.001

   < 10000 yuan

41.2(256)

94.2(597)

Body mass index (kg/m2)

24.0 ± 3.5

21.1 ± 3.1

< 0.001

Waist circumference (cm)

84.3 ± 11.2

76.3 ± 8.5

< 0.001

Family history of obesity (%, n)

17.6(109)

3.2(20)

< 0.001

Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)

117.8 ± 18.8

109.8 ± 16.5

< 0.001

Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)

80.3 ± 12.6

74.2 ± 10.9

< 0.001

fasting plasma glucose (mmol/L)

5.3 ± 1.7

4.9 ± 1.0

< 0.001

0.5-hr plasma glucose (mmol/L)

8.6(7.1, 10.1)

7.3(6.1, 8.7)

< 0.001

2-hr plasma glucose (mmol/L)

6.6(5.6, 8.8)

5.3(4.4, 6.5)

< 0.001

TC(mmol/L)

4.5 ± 1.0

4.1 ± 0.9

< 0.001

TG(mmol/L)

1.34(0.93, 2.05)

1.26(0.89,1.78)

0.019

HDL-C(mmol/L)

1.3 ± 0.3

1.1 ± 0.2

< 0.001

LDL-C(mmol/L)

2.6 ± 0.7

2.4 ± 0.6

< 0.001