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Table 3 Associations (odds ratios) between social, demographic, perinatal factors and suicide risk or self-harm.

From: Perinatal and psychosocial circumstances associated with risk of attempted suicide, non-suicidal self-injury and psychiatric service use. A longitudinal study of young people

 

Suicide attempt by age 15

Suicide risk:

Suicidal ideation/attempt by age 15

NSSI by 19

Covariates

Unadjust

Adjusted

Unadjust

Adjusted

Unadjust

Adjusted

Psychosocial

      

Sex @11

      

   Male

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

   Female

3.20 (1.93-5.30)

3.06 (1.79-5.22)

2.77 (1.91-4.03)

2.69 (1.83-3.96)

1.32 (0.89-1.97)

1.25 (0.82-1.89)

Social class @11p

      

   Non-manual

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

   Manual

1.39 (0.86-2.25)

1.20 (0.71-2.03)

1.20 (0.85-1.69)

1.03 (0.66-1.59)

0.90 (0.55-1.45)

0.85 (0.49-1.49)

Family structure @15

      

   2-parent

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

 

1.00

   1-parent,

1.48 (0.80-2.73)

1.25 (0.64-2.44)

1.34 (0.80-2.26)

1.20 (0.67-2.15)

1.43 (0.77-2.65)

1.34 (0.70-2.56)

   reconstituted/Other

3.21 (1.93-5.34)

2.37 (1.30-4.34)

2.51 (1.61-3.92)

2.10 (1.27-3.48)

2.84 (1.43-5.65)

2.47 (1.20-5.10)

Same sex part @19

      

   No

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

   Yes

2.19 (0.68-7.07)

1.39 (0.33-5.78)

1.48 (0.59-3.72)

1.03 (0.33-3.26)

4.84 (2.24-10.46)

3.85 (1.67-8.87)

Gender conform @15

      

   Gender typical

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

   Gender conformist

0.79 (0.34-1.81)

0.82 (0.36-1.89)

0.82 (0.42-1.62)

0.87 (0.44-1.72)

0.95 (0.51-1.78)

1.01 (0.51-1.99)

   Gender nonconformist

1.89 (1.06-3.35)

1.65 (0.80-3.41)

1.24 (0.72-2.16)

1.12 (0.58-2.19)

1.84 (0.91-3.71)

1.38 (0.59-3.22)

Religion @11p

      

   Protestant

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

   Roman Catholic

0.92 (0.55-1.52)

0.89 (0.52-1.54)

0.88 (0.58-1.32)

0.88 (0.57-1.38)

0.77 (0.48-1.22)

0.81 (0.50-1.34)

   Other (Baptist, etc)

0.99 (0.49-1.99)

1.15 (0.54-2.44)

0.66 (0.34-1.28)

0.72 (0.36-1.47)

1.17 (0.64-2.11)

1.28 (0.63-2.60)

   None/Atheist/Agnostic

1.09 (0.57-2.08)

0.97 (0.49-1.91)

0.91 (0.54-1.56)

0.84 (0.48-1.46)

1.11 (0.54-2.29)

1.01 (0.46-2.21)

Area deprivation @11

1.09 (0.96-1.23)

1.04 (0.89-1.20)

1.04 (0.95-1.14)

0.99 (0.88-1.12)

1.01 (0.90-1.13)

1.02 (0.88-1.17)

Lack of par Care @15

1.33 (1.19-1.49)

1.30 (1.15-1.47)

1.34 (1.21-1.49)

1.33 (1.18-1.49)

1.32 (1.18-1.48)

1.30 (1.16-1.46)

Parental control @15

1.15 (0.96-1.37)

1.18 (0.98-1.43)

1.10 (0.94-1.29)

1.13 (0.96-1.33)

0.99 (0.82-1.19)

0.97 (0.79-1.18)

Perinatal all @11p

      

Maternal parity

      

0

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

   1 or more

1.11 (0.70-1.76)

1.67 (0.60-4.65)

1.06 (0.70-1.60)

1.44 (0.65-3.20)

0.77 (0.45-1.32)

0.74 (0.28-1.92)

Family size

      

   2

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

   3 or more

0.78 (0.45-1.34)

1.03 (0.47-2.29)

0.96 (0.58-1.58)

1.19 (0.61-2.30)

1.08 (0.35-3.34)

1.50 (0.39-5.85)

Birth weight (g)

      

   <2500

1.44 (0.63-3.30)

1.46 (0.56-3.84)

1.30 (0.65-2.58)

1.39 (0.66-2.94)

0.70 (0.33-1.50)

0.67 (0.28-1.64)

   2500-3249

1.12 (0.71-1.77)

1.13 (0.70-1.84)

1.08 (0.75-1.55)

1.09 (0.74-1.61)

0.57 (0.33-1.00)

0.57 (0.30-1.10)

   3250-3749

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

   3750+

0.74 (0.42-1.30)

1.04 (0.58-1.88)

0.81 (0.51-1.29)

1.03 (0.63-1.70)

0.71 (0.40-1.23)

0.80 (0.44-1.48)

N birth complications

      

   0

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

   1

0.88 (0.49-1.58)

0.97 (0.53-1.78)

0.71 (0.43-1.16)

0.74 (0.44-1.25)

1.10 (0.62-1.96)

1.21 (0.65-2.27)

   2 or more

0.90 (0.47-1.74)

1.00 (0.49-2.02)

0.84 (0.50-1.40)

0.90 (0.51-1.58)

1.36 (0.74-2.51)

1.72 (0.91-3.28)

Birth spacing (prior)

      

   Under 2 years

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

   2-5 years

0.82 (0.45-1.49)

0.88 (0.46-1.68)

1.00 (0.59-1.67)

1.06 (0.61-1.84)

0.86 (0.50-1.50)

0.86 (0.46-1.59)

   6+ years or singleton

1.02 (0.60-1.72)

0.91 (0.48-1.74)

1.03 (0.64-1.65)

1.00 (0.58-1.74)

0.68 (0.43-1.09)

0.69 (0.39-1.22)

Birth spacing (later)

      

   Under 2 years

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

   2-5 years

0.73 (0.39-1.38)

0.81 (0.42-1.57)

0.80 (0.46-1.40)

0.85 (0.48-1.52)

0.66 (0.31-1.42)

0.73 (0.32-1.69)

   6+ years or singleton

0.92 (0.55-1.55)

1.25 (0.54-2.93)

0.95 (0.58-1.57)

1.15 (0.54-2.46)

0.96 (0.59-1.56)

0.67 (0.26-1.70)

Maternal age (years)

      

   15-19

1.84 (0.92-3.67)

1.25 (0.59-2.66)

1.68 (0.90-3.11)

1.27 (0.65-2.49)

0.92 (0.31-2.74)

0.86 (0.28-2.65)

   20-24

1.25 (0.79-2.00)

1.00 (0.58-1.71)

1.20 (0.81-1.78)

1.05 (0.66-1.66)

1.11 (0.65-1.89)

1.04 (0.58-1.88)

   25-29

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

   30-34

0.82 (0.45-1.51)

0.86 (0.45-1.66)

1.04 (0.66-1.64)

1.04 (0.63-1.73)

1.19 (0.73-1.96)

1.23 (0.74-2.07)

   35-46

1.09 (0.47-2.53)

1.29 (0.51-3.24)

1.25 (0.62-2.53)

1.44 (0.68-3.08)

1.03 (0.45-2.37)

1.02 (0.38-2.74)

Breastfeeding

      

   None

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

   Less than 6 months

0.78 (0.43-1.43)

0.94 (0.49-1.79)

0.67 (0.40-1.13)

0.75 (0.43-1.33)

0.90 (0.51-1.60)

0.96 (0.48-1.88)

   6 months or more

0.63 (0.34-1.16)

0.87 (0.42-1.80)

0.75 (0.47-1.18)

0.87 (0.52-1.45)

0.89 (0.48-1.68)

0.90 (0.47-1.74)

  1. Significant odds ratios (p = 0.05 or lower) are shown in bold. Final sample with multiple imputation = 2157.
  2. @11 = participant provided information at age 11; @15 = information provided at age 15; @19 = information provided at age 19; @11p = parental figure provided information when participants age 11.
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