Participant characteristics associated with greater reductions in waist circumference during a four-month, pedometer-based, workplace health program

Freak-Poli, Rosanne LA; Wolfe, Rory; Walls, Helen; Backholer, Kathryn; Peeters, Anna

doi:10.1186/1471-2458-11-824

Table 4 Linear regression assessing baseline^a variables associated with waist circumference change in participants not meeting WC guidelines

From: Participant characteristics associated with greater reductions in waist circumference during a four-month, pedometer-based, workplace health program

Group	Predictor Variable	n	Crude WC change	Univariate		Multivariable Approach 1^a		Multivariable Approach 2^b
				WC change (cm)	P-value	WC change (cm)	P-value	WC change (cm)	P-value
	DEMOGRAPHICS
1	Age (year)	288	-	0.03	0.4	0.03	0.4	0.03	0.4
	Sex
	Female	185	-2.94	reference		reference		reference
	Male	103	-2.73	0.21	0.6	0.16	0.7	0.16	0.7
2	Socio Economic Status (by SEIFA %)
	Most Advantaged	95	-2.84	reference		reference		reference
	Advantaged	122	-2.61	0.23	0.8	0.32	0.6	0.32	0.6
	Disadvantaged	52	-2.82	0.02	1.0	0.31	0.9	0.31	0.9
	Most Disadvantaged	18	-5.78	-2.94	0.1	-2.11	0.3	-2.11	0.3
	Tertiary Education
	Not completed	69	-1.08	reference		reference		reference
	Completed	219	-3.43	-2.35	0.018	-2.35	0.017	-2.35	0.017
	Occupation
	Professional	105	-2.34	reference		reference		reference
	Associate professional	53	-4.13	-1.79	0.06	-1.89	0.1	-1.89	0.1
	Manager	55	-3.52	-1.18	0.08	-1.00	0.2	-1.00	0.2
	Clerical or Service	48	-2.84	-0.50	0.7	-1.06	0.4	-1.06	0.4
	Marital Status
	Married/de facto	200	-2.45	reference		reference		reference
	Widowed/separated/divorced	26	-4.82	-2.37	0.2	-2.42	0.2	-2.42	0.2
	Never married	60	-3.48	-1.02	0.3	-0.36	0.6	-0.36	0.6
	BASELINE MEASURES
3	Prior GCC^® Participation^c	286	-2.86	0.08	0.8	-0.04	0.9	-0.04	0.9
	Reasons for Participation ^c
	Health	286	-2.82	0.27	0.8	0.14	0.9	0.14	0.9
	To look my best	286	-2.80	0.32	0.5	0.32	0.6	0.32	0.6
	Fitness	286	-2.75	0.49	0.4	0.07	0.9	0.07	0.9
	Colleagues	286	-3.24	-0.81	0.053	-0.72	0.3	-0.72	0.3
	Friends or family	286	-4.01	-1.15	0.2	-1.10	0.3	-1.10	0.3
	Behavioural Measures
4	Fruit Intake
	Not meeting guidelines	188	-2.42	reference
	Meeting guidelines	98	-3.77	-1.34	0.027	-0.96	0.3	-0.96	0.3
	Vegetable Intake
	Not meeting guidelines	244	-2.77	reference
	Meeting guidelines	42	-3.52	-0.75	0.4	0.40	0.8	0.32	0.8
	Takeaway Dinner
	Once or less per month	132	-0.55	reference
	About once a week	117	-1.34	-0.79	0.2	-0.63	0.2	-0.52	0.2
	More than once a week	37	-3.11	-2.55	0.7	-0.85	0.7	-0.73	0.7
	Alcohol
	Not meeting guidelines	159	-2.95	reference
	Meeting guidelines	127	-2.80	0.15	0.8	-0.28	0.6	-0.28	0.6
	Tobacco
	Smoker	32	-1.30	reference
	Non-smoker	254	-3.03	-1.73	0.2	0.38	0.7	0.49	0.6
	Physical Activity
	Not meeting guidelines	178	-2.45	reference
	Meeting guidelines	108	-3.60	-1.15	0.2	-0.92	0.3	-0.94	0.3
	Sitting Time (per hour per day)
	Weekday	286	-	0.15	0.2	0.11	0.4	0.12	0.4
	Weekend	282	-	0.26	0.2	0.23	0.3	0.23	0.3
	Psychosocial Measures
5	Physical Functioning (SF12)	282	-	-0.11	0.049	-0.09	0.02	-0.07	0.2
	Mental Functioning (SF12)	282	-	0.00	1.0	-0.03	0.3	-0.02	0.5
	Anthropometric Measures ^d
6	Blood Pressure (mmHg)
	Systolic	273	-	0.02	0.4	0.00	1.0	0.00	0.9
	Diastolic	273	-	0.02	0.6	-0.01	0.8	-0.02	0.6
	Not meeting guidelines	56	-2.21	reference
	Meeting guidelines	217	-3.03	-0.82	0.3
	Heart rate (Mean, SD)	288	-	-0.02	0.6	-0.02	0.7	-0.02	0.7
	Weight (Mean, SD)^e	288	-	0.02	0.5
	Body Mass Index
	Body Mass Index	288	-	0.13	0.2	0.12	0.3	0.08	0.5
	Not meeting guidelines	238	-2.49	reference
	Meeting guidelines	50	-4.63	-2.14	0.1
	Waist circumference^f
	Waist circumference	288	-	-0.05	0.2
	Not meeting guidelines	288	n/a
	Meeting guidelines	0
	Biomedical Measures (fasting) ^d
7	Total Cholesterol
	Total Cholesterol	285	-	0.47	0.2	0.79	0.051	0.86	0.014
	Not meeting guidelines	89	-2.71	reference
	Meeting guidelines	196	-2.94	-0.23	0.7
	Glucose
	Glucose	285	-	2.29	0.8	0.22	0.6	0.03	0.3
	Not meeting guidelines	18	0.06	reference
	Meeting guidelines	267	1.07	1.02	1.0
	Triglycerides
	Triglycerides	285	-	1.31	0.6	0.47	0.2	0.45	0.2
	Not meeting guidelines	73	0.03	reference
	Meeting guidelines	212	1.96	1.93	0.4
	Predicted risk scores ^d
8	Cardiovascular disease risk (next 10 years)
	CVD risk (continuous)	267	-	0.09	0.2	0.03	0.7	0.02	0.9
	Low-risk	227	-2.89	reference
	Intermediate-risk	33	-2.79	0.09	0.9
	High-risk	7	-2.91	-0.03	1.0
	Diabetes risk (next 5 years)^f
	Diabetes risk (continuous)	285	-	0.06	0.3
	Low-risk	67	-3.79	reference
	Intermediate-risk	173	-2.34	1.45	0.033
	High-risk	45	-3.55	0.24	0.6
	WORKPLACE CHARACTERISTICS ^g
9	Public ownership (vs. private)	288	-2.66	0.36	0.6	0.09	0.9	0.06	0.9
	Outer city location (vs. inner city)	288	-3.08	-0.68	0.4	-0.96	0.3	-1.34	0.2
	PROCESS MEASURES
	Step data ^d
10	Step average per day (per 10,000 steps)	288	-	-1.04	0.08	-1.40	0.07	-0.55	0.6
	<10,000 steps average (per day)	190	-2.13	reference
	Meeting ≥10,000 steps average (per day)	190	-3.24	-1.11	0.049

^a Associated risk-factor subgroups adjusted only for baseline demographic confounders
^b Associated risk-factor subgroups adjusted for all potential predictors within the analysis Group and above
^c The reference group for this binary variable is 'no'. The reference group data is not shown.
^d Continuous variables chosen over categorical variables
^e Excluded due to the inclusion of body mass index (BMI)
^f Excluded from model as baseline WC was not considered as a predictor.
^g The reference group for this binary variable is shown in brackets. The reference group data is not shown.
Note: For participants not meeting WC guidelines at baseline

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