Table 1 Theoretical* basis of the Transform-Us! intervention and links to program objectives

Intrapersonal

Confidence

Self-efficacy

Improve confidence in ability to be active or reduce sedentary time

Preference

Enjoyment

Increase enjoyment and preference for physical activity

Expectations

Benefits/barriers

Increase knowledge of benefits & strategies to overcome barriers

Expectancies

Evaluation of anticipated outcome

Alter perception of pros and cons of being more active

Skills

Self-management

Self-rewards, self instructions, TV viewing styles

Behavioral rehearsal

Self-monitoring & contracting

Goal setting, contracting with others, rewards

Interpersonal

Observational learning

Modelling by parents/siblings

Encourage parents & siblings to reduce their own SB & increase PA

Social support

Modelling/social support

Encourage parents & siblings to support child to spend less time in SB & more time in PA; teachers encourage/support PA during recess/lunch

Social structure

Rules

Parents enforce rules regarding limiting screen time at home, during meals, during daylight hours

Environmental

Imposed environment

Availability

Increase the amount of PA equipment available at school & home. Reduce the availability of TVs/computers/electronic games at home

Imposed environment

Access

Increase access/opportunities for PA at school & at home. Decrease access to TV/computers/electronic games at home

Imposed environment

Policy

Interrupted sitting during class-time; presence of supervising teachers during recess/lunch