From: A prospective cohort study of long-term cognitive changes in older Medicare beneficiaries
Independent Variables | Percentage | Mean | Standard Deviation |
---|---|---|---|
Baseline Cognition | Â | Â | Â |
Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status (TICS-7; 0-15 correct) | Â | 12.9 | 2.1 |
Immediate Word Recall (0-10 correct) | Â | 4.0 | 1.8 |
Delayed Word Recall (0-10 correct) | Â | 2.6 | 2.0 |
Exposure and Censoring | Â | Â | Â |
Years Between Interviews | Â | 7.2 | 4.1 |
Entered Managed Care After Baseline | 15.5 | Â | Â |
Survived to the End of the Studya | 35.1 | Â | Â |
Died ≤ 1 Year After the Last Interviewa | 18.9 |  |  |
Demographic and Socioeconomic | Â | Â | Â |
Age | Â | 77.7 | 5.3 |
Men | 36.9 | Â | Â |
African Americanb | 8.7 | Â | Â |
Hispanic Americanb | 3.2 | Â | Â |
Widowedc | 39.4 | Â | Â |
Divorced or Separatedc | 5.0 | Â | Â |
Never Marriedc | 3.2 | Â | Â |
Grade School Onlyd | 21.6 | Â | Â |
Attended Colleged | 29.8 | Â | Â |
Lowest Income Quintilee | 13.1 | Â | Â |
Highest Income Quintilee | 26.5 | Â | Â |
Disease History and Comorbidity | Â | Â | Â |
Acute Myocardial Infarction | 6.1 | Â | Â |
Angina | 7.9 | Â | Â |
Arthritis | 24.8 | Â | Â |
Cancer | 12.2 | Â | Â |
Diabetes | 10.9 | Â | Â |
Hip Fracture | 3.9 | Â | Â |
Hypertension | 44.2 | Â | Â |
Lung Conditions | 7.6 | Â | Â |
Psychological Conditions | 6.2 | Â | Â |
Stroke | 7.2 | Â | Â |
Comorbidity (≥ 3 of the above diseases) | 16.7 |  |  |
Health Lifetyles | Â | Â | Â |
Obesef | 14.2 | Â | Â |
Underweightf | 2.5 | Â | Â |
Engages in Vigorous Exercise (≥ 3 times per week) | 33.0 |  |  |
Current Cigarette Smokerg | 9.4 | Â | Â |
Former Cigarette Smokerg | 42.6 | Â | Â |
≥1 Alcoholic Drink Daily | 11.6 |  |  |
Functional Status | Â | Â | Â |
Activities of Daily Living Limitations (0-5) | Â | 0.25 | 0.69 |
Instrumental ADL Limitations (0-5) | Â | 0.21 | 0.63 |
Mobility Limitations (0-4) | Â | 1.13 | 1.42 |
Good Vision | 77.4 | Â | Â |
Good Hearing | 76.8 | Â | Â |
Depressive Symptoms | Â | 1.5 | 1.9 |
Continuity of Care | Â | Â | Â |
Every Day After Baselineh | 9.2 | Â | Â |
Never After Baselineh | 26.7 | Â | Â |
Post-Baseline Health Shocks | Â | Â | Â |
Quartile 1 of Annual Primary Care Visitsi | 25.0 | Â | Â |
Quartile 2 of Annual Primary Care Visitsi | 25.0 | Â | Â |
Quartile 3 of Annual Primary Care Visitsi | 25.0 | Â | Â |
Quartile 1 of Annual Hospital Episodesj | 27.9 | Â | Â |
Quartile 2 of Annual Hospital Episodesj | 24.7 | Â | Â |
Quartile 3 of Annual Hospital Episodesj | 22.5 | Â | Â |