Table 1 Three-dimensional motion analysis marker set

Head markers

Eye markers

Placed lateral to canthus of the left and right eyes

R

Ear markers

Placed above the tragus (or concha) of the left and right ears

R

Nose marker

Placed on the tip of the nose

V

Thorax/Back markers

Anterior thorax marker

Sternal notch between the two clavicles

R

Posterior thorax markers

Placed on the 7^th cervical and 6^th thoracic vertebrae

R

Pelvis:

Anterior pelvis

Right and left anterior superior iliac crests

R

Posterior pelvis

Right and left posterior superior iliac crest

R

Lower limbs

Thigh markers

Three markers set on a t-bar cluster, with the long bar fixed mid-segment along the iliotibial band. The short bar raps medially onto the quadriceps.

R

Tibia markers

Three markers set on a t-bar cluster, with the long bar fixed mid-segment along the tibia. The short bar raps laterally towards the fibula.

R

Knee markers

Four markers placed on the right and left, medial and lateral femoral condyles

V

Feet markers

Three markers placed on the calcaneus, talus hook and 5^th metatarsal

R

Ankle markers

Four markers placed on the right and left, medial and lateral malleoli

V

Upper limbs

Shoulder markers

Right and left, anterior and posterior shoulder markers

V

Right and left acromion markers

Three markers placed on the posterior and anterior portion of the lateral border of the acromial plateau, with one marker placed laterally at the base of the acromioclavicular joint.

R

Right and left upper arm markers

Three markers set on a t-bar cluster, with the long bar fixed mid-segment on the lateral aspect of the upper arm. The short bar raps laterally towards the biceps.

R

Elbow markers

Right and left, medial lateral epicondyle markers

V

Forearm markers

Three markers placed on the medial and lateral aspect of the distal third of the forearm, with one marker placed mid segment - between the radius and ulnar, midway up the forearm.

R

Wrist markers

Right and left, medial and lateral wrist markers placed on the ulnar and radial styloid processes

V

Hand markers

Three markers, two placed mid-hand medially and laterally. The third marker is placed directly below the junction between the third metacarpal and third proximal phalange.

R

Finger markers

Two smaller markers (5 mm diameter) fixed to the most distal portion of the index finger, finger nail

R

Equipment

Ball markers

Three markers fixed to each ball; tennis ball, t-ball ball, soccer ball

R

T-ball bat tip

A single marker fixed to the tip of the t-ball bat

R