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Table 3 Univariate and covariate adjusted hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals for all-cause mortality according to social capital

From: Assessing the association between all-cause mortality and multiple aspects of individual social capital among the older Japanese

  

Univariate (imputation)

 

Univariate (non-imputation)

 

Covariate adjusted (imputation)

 

Covariate adjusted (non-imputation)

 
  

HR

95%CI

 

HR

95%CI

 

HR

95%CI

 

HR

95%CI

 

General trust

             

   Generally speaking, would you say that most people can be trusted? (Ref; Yes (High SC))

Depends

0.96

(0.77-1.20)

 

0.97

(0.80-1.17)

 

0.90

(0.69-1.16)

 

1.01

(0.77-1.33)

 
 

No (Low SC)

1.24

(0.91-1.70)

 

1.25

(0.96-1.63)

 

1.01

(0.74-1.36)

 

0.96

(0.65-1.42)

 

   Would you say that most of the time people try to be helpful? (Ref; Yes (High SC))

Depends

1.00

(0.84-1.20)

 

1.01

(0.87-1.16)

 

0.92

(0.78-1.08)

 

1.00

(0.86-1.16)

 
 

No (Low SC)

1.42

(1.01-2.00)

*

1.41

(1.06-1.87)

*

1.20

(0.83-1.74)

 

1.06

(0.69-1.63)

 

   Do you think most people would try to take advantage of you if they got a chance? (Ref; Yes (Low SC))

Depends

0.91

(0.63-1.33)

 

0.92

(0.65-1.30)

 

1.01

(0.61-1.68)

 

1.00

(0.57-1.73)

 

Social support

             

   Do you have someone who listens to your concerns and complaints? (Ref; Yes (High SC))

No (Low SC)

1.33

(0.79-2.23)

 

1.33

(0.80-2.20)

 

1.09

(0.61-1.95)

 

1.17

(0.63-2.15)

 

   Do you have someone who looks after you when you are sick and stay in bed for a few days? (Ref; Yes (High SC))

No (Low SC)

1.06

(0.70-1.61)

 

1.06

(0.71-1.58)

 

0.84

(0.58-1.22)

 

0.87

(0.50-1.52)

 

   Do you have someone who acknowledges your existence and value? (Ref; Yes (High SC))

No (Low SC)

1.49

(0.99-2.25)

 

1.48

(0.95-2.30)

 

1.18

(0.67-2.08)

 

1.33

(0.70-2.54)

 

General reciprocity

             

   Do you listen to someone's concerns and complaints? (Ref; Yes (High SC))

No (Low SC)

1.59

(1.24-2.04)

*

1.58

(1.31-1.91)

*

1.27

(0.95-1.70)

 

1.03

(0.70-1.51)

 

   Do you look after someone when he/she is sick and stays in bed for a few days? (Ref; Yes (High SC))

No (Low SC)

1.49

(1.12-2.00)

*

1.44

(1.13-1.83)

*

1.01

(0.78-1.32)

 

0.83

(0.70-0.98)

*

Social network

             

   Political organization or group (Ref; yes)

No (Low SC)

1.14

(0.83-1.56)

 

1.11

(0.85-1.46)

 

0.99

(0.71-1.39)

 

1.11

(0.83-1.49)

 

   Industrial or trade association (Ref; yes)

No (Low SC)

1.04

(0.72-1.51)

 

1.02

(0.80-1.29)

 

0.88

(0.59-1.30)

 

0.91

(0.62-1.35)

 

   Volunteer group (Ref; yes)

No (Low SC)

1.78

(1.34-2.37)

*

1.75

(1.39-2.21)

*

1.30

(0.95-1.77)

 

1.51

(1.19-1.91)

*

   Citizen or consumer group (Ref; yes)

No (Low SC)

1.05

(0.59-1.86)

 

0.98

(0.57-1.68)

 

0.79

(0.43-1.47)

 

0.95

(0.37-2.40)

 

   Religious organization or group (Ref; yes)

No (Low SC)

1.10

(0.77-1.56)

 

1.11

(0.79-1.56)

 

1.21

(0.86-1.70)

 

1.30

(1.06-1.58)

*

   Sports group or club (Ref; yes)

No (Low SC)

1.89

(1.28-2.80)

*

1.98

(1.52-2.58)

*

1.32

(0.78-2.21)

 

1.44

(1.10-1.88)

*

   Neighbourhood association / Senior citizen club / Fire-fighting team (Ref; yes)

No (Low SC)

1.16

(0.94-1.42)

 

1.15

(0.95-1.39)

 

1.12

(0.90-1.40)

 

1.20

(0.80-1.81)

 

   Leisure activity group (Ref; yes)

No (Low SC)

1.64

(1.21-2.20)

*

1.59

(1.40-1.81)

*

1.29

(0.94-1.77)

 

1.27

(1.04-1.55)

*

   How often do you meet your friends? (Ref; Once or more/month)

Several/year

1.26

(0.96-1.67)

 

1.26

(0.99-1.60)

 

1.09

(0.77-1.56)

 

1.06

(0.75-1.48)

 
 

Rarely

1.99

(1.72-2.31)

*

1.99

(1.75-2.25)

*

1.30

(1.10-1.53)

*

1.38

(1.28-1.49)

*

 

Having no friend

1.43

(0.79-2.56)

 

1.41

(0.90-2.20)

 

0.77

(0.47-1.26)

 

0.49

(0.19-1.26)

 
  1. Multiple imputation Cox proportional hazard models: the Aichi Gerontological Evaluation Study (AGES), Aichi, Japan, 2003-2008, Men1.
  2. 1 Adjusted for age, BMI, self-rated health, current illness, smoking history, alcohol consumption, exercise, equivalent income and education.
  3. * Statistically significant variable (p < 0.05).