| |
With a tax (n = 338)
|
Without a tax (n = 382)
|
t-value
|
Pr > t*
|
|
Demographic/socioeconomic
| | | | |
|
Mean total population
|
53,454
|
65,670
|
0.77
|
0.4389
|
|
Percent net migration (net migrants/total population)
|
1.32
|
0.71
|
-1.14
|
0.2531
|
|
Population aged >65 years (%)
|
14.5
|
14.25
|
-1.13
|
0.2568
|
|
Population aged <18 years (%)
|
23.94
|
24.34
|
2.21
|
0.0272
|
|
Non-whites of total population (%)
|
9.69
|
22.22
|
9.83
|
<.0001
|
|
Per capita Income ($)
|
23,920
|
23,485
|
-1.32
|
0.1874
|
|
Household income ($)
|
35,297
|
33,026
|
-3.71
|
0.0002
|
|
Poverty (%)
|
16.29
|
17.88
|
3.68
|
0.0002
|
|
Percent rurality (rural population/total population) §
|
63.29
|
66.71
|
1.67
|
0.0951
|
|
Medicaid eligible (%)
|
24.07
|
27.7
|
5.87
|
<.0001
|
|
Physicians (total licensed MD or DO/1,000 total population)
|
1.1
|
1.18
|
0.99
|
0.3218
|
|
Unemployment (%)
|
6.37
|
6.53
|
1.37
|
0.1714
|
|
Uninsured§ (%)
|
13.94
|
15.57
|
5.69
|
<.0001
|
|
Total population mortality (per 100,000 population)
| | | | |
|
Age-adjusted mortality
|
939.74
|
972.83
|
3.88
|
0.0001
|
|
Years of potential life lost (before age 75)
|
8,828.90
|
9,902.10
|
7.13
|
<.0001
|
|
Major disease mortality (age-adjusted/100,000 population)
| | | | |
|
Heart disease
|
261.14
|
276.98
|
4.21
|
<.0001
|
|
Cardiovascular disease (CVD)
|
339.45
|
363.75
|
5.91
|
<.0001
|
|
Cerebrovascular disease (Stroke)
|
56.31
|
63.01
|
5.76
|
<.0001
|
|
Chronic lower respiratory disease (CLRD)
|
52.79
|
51.29
|
-1.22
|
0.2222
|
|
Diabetes
|
29.07
|
29.42
|
0.36
|
0.7161
|
|
Pneumonia/influenza
|
25.74
|
27.45
|
2.05
|
0.0410
|
|
Cancer mortality and incidence (age-adjusted/100,000 population)
| | | | |
|
All types of cancer mortality
|
218.34
|
214.29
|
-1.95
|
0.0518
|
|
Lung and bronchus cancer mortality
|
70.42
|
68.61
|
-1.50
|
0.1336
|
|
All types of cancer incidence
|
482.3
|
441.2
|
-10.23
|
<.0001
|
|
Lung and bronchus cancer incidence
|
88.78
|
80.18
|
-6.37
|
<.0001
|
|
Colorectal cancer incidence
|
58.46
|
53.4
|
-6.14
|
<.0001
|
|
Female breast cancer incidence
|
116.34
|
108.04
|
-5.28
|
<.0001
|
|
Prostate cancer incidence
|
141.84
|
141.04
|
-0.28
|
0.7823
|
|
Trauma/accidents (age-adjusted/100,000 population)
| | | | |
|
Unintentional injury mortality
|
58.93
|
60.43
|
1.07
|
0.2857
|
