Table 1 Baseline characteristics of 1,482 school children aged 6-15 years in urban and rural areas of the Greater Accra Region of Ghana
Variable | Urban (%) | Rural (%) | Total p-value** |
|---|---|---|---|
All | 742 | 740 | 1,482 |
Sex | Â | Â | Â |
Males | 347 (46.77) | 359 (48.51) | 706 (47.64) 0.501 |
Females | 395 (53.23) | 381 (51.49) | 776 (52.36) |
Age | Â | Â | Â |
6-8 years | 133 (17.92) | 191 (25.81) | 324 (21.86) 0.000 |
9-11 years | 261 (35.18) | 347 (46.89) | 608 (41.03) |
12-15 years | 348 (46.90) | 202 (27.30) | 550 (37.11) |
Nutritional status indicators | |||
Normal weight | 568 (76.55) | 599 (80.95) | 1,167 (78.74) 0.000 |
Underweight | 94 (12.67) | 23 (3.11) | 117 (7.89) |
High BMI | 80 (10.78) | 118 (15.95) | 198 (13.36) |
Atopy | Â | Â | Â |
Non-atopic | 610 (82.21) | 554 (74.86) | 1164 (78.54) 0.001 |
Atopic | 132 (17.79) | 186 (25.14) | 318 (21.46) |
S. haematobium infection | |||
Not infected | 714 (97.28) | 630 (90.00) | 1,344 (93.72) 0.000 |
Infected | 20 (2.72) | 70 (10.00) | 90 (6.28) |
Intestinal parasites infection | |||
Not infected | 659 (97.34) | 434 (57.81) | 1, 093 (82.99) 0.000 |
Hookworm | 13 (1.92) | 76 (11.88) | 89 (6.76) |
Trichuris sp | 2 (0.30) | 16 (2.50) | 18 (1.37) |
Ascaris sp | 0 (0.00) | 93 (14.53) | 93 (7.06) |
ЖCo-infected | 3 (0.44) | 21 (3.28) | 24 (1.82) |
Passive smoking | Â | Â | Â |
Non-exposed | 398 (66.22) | 218 (69.43) | 616 (67.32) 0.327 |
Exposed | 203 (33.78) | 96 (30.57) | 299 (32.68) |
Source of domestic fuel | Â | Â | Â |
Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) | 368 (61.13) | 5 (1.59) | 373 (40.68) 0.000 |
Charcoal | 184 (30.56) | 111 (35.24) | 295 (32.17) |
Firewood | 50 (8.31) | 199 (63.17) | 249 (27.15) |
Family history of asthma | Â | Â | Â |
No | 352 (59.26) | 174 (55.24) | 526 (57.87) 0.338 |
Yes | 170 (28.62) | 105 (33.33) | 275 (30.25) |
No idea | 72 (12.12) | 36 (11.43) | 108 (11.88) |
Exclusive breast feeding | Â | Â | Â |
None | 74 (18.23) | 48 (10.39) | 122 (14.06.) 0.002 |
1-6 months | 280 (68.97) | 360 (77.92) | 640 (73.73) |
6-12 months | 52 (12.81) | 54 (11.69) | 106 (12.21) |
Educational level of parent | Â | Â | Â |
No formal education | 124 (27.43) | 148 (30.14) | 272 (28.84) 0.011 |
7-9 years education | 178 (39.38) | 165 (33.60) | 343 (36.37) |
10-15 years education | 68 (15.04) | 108 (22.00) | 176 (18.66) |
Tertiary education | 82 (18.14) | 70 (14.26) | 152 (16.12) |
Occupation of parent | Â | Â | Â |
Unemployed | 16 (3.56) | 14 (2.86) | 30 (3.20) 0.542 |
Trader | 76 (16.93) | 139 (28.43) | 215 (22.92) |
Farmer | 95 (21.16) | 83 (16.97) | 178 (18.98) |
Public servant | 168 (37.42) | 169 (34.56) | 337 (35.93) |
Business | 94 (20.94) | 84 (17.18) | 178 (18.98) |