| High-Exposure Area | Low-Exposure Area | GS a | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
 | Shangba | Xiaozhen | Dongfang | Six villages |  |
N (excluding water source) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 6 | Â |
pH | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   Water source | 3.35 (Wastewater) b | 7.10 (Huangzhuping) 7.12 (Guizhu) c | 6.0-9.0 | ||
   Irrigation water | 4.92 | 7.75 | 7.76 | 7.02 - 7.35 | 5.50-8.50 |
   Well water | 4.77 | 7.06 | 6.88 | 7.04 - 7.56 | 6.5-8.5 |
Cadmium | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   Water source (mg/L,×10-3) | 7.09 (Wastewater) b | 0.09 (Huangzhuping) 0.10 (Guizhu) c | 5 | ||
   Irrigation water (mg/L,×10-3) | 8.31 | 4.25 | 0.66 | <0.001 | 5 |
   Well water (mg/L, ×10-3) | 8.88 | 0.13 | 0.07 | <0.001 | 5 |
   Soil (mg/kg) | 0.528 | 0.422 | 0.043 | 0.032 - 0.18 | 0.30 |
   Rice (mg/kg) | 0.47 | 0.36 | 0.02 | 0.006 - 0.075 | 0.20 |
   Avena nula (mg/kg) | 0.13 | 0.06 | 0.01 | 0.004 - 0.060 | 0.20 |
Lead | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   Water source (mg/L) | 0.043 (Waste water) b | 0.01 (Huangzhuping) 0.01 (Guizhu) c | 0.010 | ||
   Irrigation water (mg/L) | 0.045 | 0.035 | 0.013 | <0.01 | 0.200 |
   Well water (mg/L) | 0.012 | 0.017 | 0.016 | <0.01 - 0.02 | 0.01 |
   Soil (mg/kg) | 600 | 770 | 68 | 7.13 - 19.93 | 300 |
   Rice (mg/kg) | 830 | 520 | 280 | <0.05 | 300 |
   Avena nula (mg/kg) | 820 | 1690 | 1050 | 0.030 - 0.145 | 300 |
Copper | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   Water source (mg/L) | 0.196 (Wastewater) b | 0.01 (Huangzhuping) 0.01 (Guizhu) c | 1.000 | ||
   Irrigation water (mg/L) | 0.631 | 0.020 | 0.020 | <0.01 | 0.500 |
   Well water (mg/L) | 1.570 | 0.020 | 0.045 | <0.01 | 1.00 |
   Soil (mg/kg) | 1261 | 147 | 20 | 2.85 - 8.19 | 100 |
   Rice (mg/kg) | 5.38 | 3.08 | 2.03 | 0.43 - 0.69 | 10 |
   Avena nula (mg/kg) | 1.31 | 0.82 | 0.42 | 0.23 - 1.09 | - d |
Zinc | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   Water source (mg/L) | 13.700 (Wastewater) b | 0.01 (Huangzhuping) 0.01 (Guizhu) c | 1.000 | ||
   Irrigation water (mg/L) | 25.200 | 0.048 | 0.005 | <0.01 - 0.84 | 2.00 |
   Well water (mg/L) | 4.89 | 0.024 | 0.011 | <0.01 - 0.49 | 1.00 |
   Soil (mg/kg) | 680 | 227 | 68 | 2.85 - 8.19 | 250 |
   Rice (mg/kg) | 29.40 | 20.70 | 13.80 | 7.50 - 10.90 | 50 |
   Avena nula (mg/kg) | 20.80 | 5.12 | 3.73 | 2.89 - 7.94 | - d |