| Model 1 Walking/No Walking (all walkers = 1 non-walkers = 0) | Model 2 Lower-Duration Walking/No Walking (0 to 5 hrs/wk = 1 non-walkers= 0) | Model 3 High-Duration Walking/Lower-Duration Walking (6 or more hrs/wk = 1 0 to 5 hrs/wk = 0) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Independent Variables | Odds ratios | 95% CI | Odds ratios | 95% CI | Odds ratios | 95% CI |
Has diabetes | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   Yes | 0.97 | 0.81, 1.15 | 0.95 | 0.79, 1.14 | 1.04 | 0.84, 1.29 |
   No | Reference |  | Reference |  | Reference |  |
Has high blood pressure | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   Yes | 0.96 | 0.86, 1.06 | 0.95 | 0.84, 1.06 | 1.04 | 0.92, 1.17 |
   No | Reference |  | Reference |  | Reference |  |
Self-perceived stress | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   Not at all/not very | Reference |  | Reference |  | Reference |  |
   A bit | 1.11** | 1.03, 1.18 | 1.11** | 1.03, 1.20 | 0.98 | 0.90, 1.06 |
   Quite a bit/extremely | 0.97 | 0.89, 1.04 | 0.94 | 0.86, 1.02 | 1.08* | 0.98, 1.18 |
Adult BMI | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   Normal weight | 1.01 | 0.94, 1.06 | 0.97 | 0.90, 1.03 | 1.11** | 1.02, 1.19 |
   Overweight/obese | Reference |  | Reference |  | Reference |  |
Physical activity index | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   Active/moderate | 1.20*** | 1.13, 1.27 | 1.18*** | 1.10, 1.26 | 1.03 | 0.96, 1.10 |
   Inactive | Reference |  | Reference |  | Reference |  |
Sex | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   Male | Reference |  | Reference |  | Reference |  |
   Female | 1.33*** | 1.25, 1.41 | 1.42*** | 1.32, 1.52 | 0.85*** | 0.79, 0.91 |
Age | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   20-34 | 1.18*** | 1.09, 1.28 | 1.17** | 1.06, 1.27 | 1.07 | 0.97, 1.18 |
   35-49 | 1.02 | 0.94, 1.09 | 1.02 | 0.94, 1.11 | 1.01 | 0.92, 1.10 |
   50-64 | Reference |  | Reference |  | Reference |  |
Household income | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   Under $20,000 | 1.63*** | 1.38, 1.91 | 1.48*** | 1.25, 1.75 | 1.30*** | 1.13, 1.49 |
   $20,000 to $49,999 | 1.19*** | 1.10, 1.29 | 1.11** | 1.01, 1.21 | 1.28*** | 1.16, 1.40 |
   $50,000 to $79,999 | 1.08* | 0.99, 1.16 | 1.04 | 0.95, 1.12 | 1.12** | 1.02, 1.21 |
   $80,000 and over | Reference |  | Reference |  | Reference |  |
Education | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   Less than high school | 0.71*** | 0.61, 0.83 | 0.61*** | 0.51, 0.72 | 1.52*** | 1.27, 1.81 |
   High School | 0.90** | 0.81, 0.99 | 0.77*** | 0.68, 0.85 | 1.55*** | 1.37, 1.75 |
   College or trades | 0.89** | 0.83, 0.96 | 0.81*** | 0.75, 0.86 | 1.35*** | 1.24, 1.45 |
   University | Reference |  | Reference |  | Reference |  |
Census Metropolitan Area | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   No CMA assigned | Reference |  | Reference |  | Reference |  |
   St. John's | 1.28 | 0.93, 1.74 | 1.29 | 0.91, 1.82 | 0.96 | 0.68, 1.35 |
   Halifax | 1.37** | 1.03, 1.80 | 1.24 | 0.93, 1.65 | 1.29* | 0.97, 1.69 |
   Québec | 0.59*** | 0.49, 0.71 | 0.74** | 0.61, 0.89 | 0.46*** | 0.35, 0.60 |
   Montréal | 1.03 | 0.91, 1.16 | 1.27*** | 1.12, 1.43 | 0.53*** | 0.46, 0.60 |
   Ottawa-Gatineau | 0.97 | 0.82, 1.13 | 1.14 | 0.97, 1.33 | 0.59*** | 0.49, 0.72 |
   Kingston | 1.79** | 1.27, 2.53 | 1.76** | 1.22, 2.56 | 1.00 | 0.73, 1.37 |
   Toronto | 1.63*** | 1.45, 1.84 | 1.77*** | 1.56, 2.00 | 0.82** | 0.72, 0.92 |
   Hamilton | 1.97*** | 1.59, 2.42 | 1.98*** | 1.58, 2.48 | 0.97 | 0.78, 1.20 |
   London | 1.32** | 1.06, 1.63 | 1.28** | 1.02, 1.61 | 1.08 | 0.83, 1.39 |
   Thunder Bay | 0.53*** | 0.39, 0.70 | 0.56*** | 0.40, 0.78 | 0.87 | 0.53, 1.40 |
   Winnipeg | 1.46*** | 1.18, 1.79 | 1.56*** | 1.24, 1.96 | 0.84 | 0.66, 1.06 |
   Regina | 2.84*** | 1.70, 4.73 | 2.77*** | 1.63, 4.69 | 1.07 | 0.83, 1.38 |
   Saskatoon | 1.53** | 1.10, 2.13 | 1.36* | 0.95, 1.93 | 1.32** | 0.99, 1.76 |
   Calgary | 1.35** | 1.09, 1.66 | 1.34** | 1.09, 1.66 | 1.02 | 0.80, 1.28 |
   Edmonton | 1.06 | 0.86, 1.30 | 0.99 | 0.79, 1.22 | 1.16 | 0.91, 1.46 |
   Vancouver | 1.29*** | 1.11, 1.49 | 1.46*** | 1.25, 1.69 | 0.71*** | 0.61, 0.83 |
   Victoria | 5.69*** | 3.81, 8.51 | 5.10*** | 3.36, 7.73 | 1.33** | 1.03, 1.72 |
Observations | 50,082 | Â | 36,903 | Â | 34,865 | Â |
Population size | 11,404,185 | Â | 8,597,009 | Â | 8,001,087 | Â |
Pseudo R2 | 0.0256 | Â | 0.0279 | Â | 0.0223 | Â |
Wald chi2 | 693.62 | (df = 42) | 620.41 | (df = 42) | 452.89 | (df = 40) |