Table 1 Sample characteristics for the survived (mean or % by wave)

Year

1996

1999

2003

N

2387

2022

1482

Age (mean)

73.8+-5.0

76.4+-4.8

79.6+-4.1

Sex (male, %)

56.1

55.1

54.5

Education (%)

   Illiterate

36.0

36.6

34.0

   Literate with no formal education

8.4

8.4

8.2

   Primary school

34.0

34.0

34.9

   Junior high school

9.5

9.5

9.8

   Senior high school

6.0

6.0

7.0

   College or above

5.5

5.5

6.2

Subjective financial status (%)

   Very satisfied

7.5

6.9

5.7

   Satisfied

33.4

32.0

41.4

   Average

43.3

40.9

33.5

   Dissatisfied

15.9

20.3

19.3

Self-rated health

   Very good

12.2

9.2

7.9

   Good

19.4

19.4

21.0

   Faire

34.2

34.4

32.1

   Poor

28.9

29.9

32.5

   Very poor

5.4

7.1

6.6

CESD-10 score

6.5+-6.5

11.0+-3.7

10.5+-3.5