|
Year
|
1996
|
1999
|
2003
|
p
a
|
|
N
|
2387
|
2022
|
1482
|
**
|
|
Age (mean)
|
73.8+-5.0
|
76.4+-4.8
|
79.6+-4.1
| |
|
Sex (male, %)
|
56.1
|
55.1
|
54.5
| |
|
Education (%)
| | | | |
|
Illiterate
|
36.0
|
36.6
|
34.0
| |
|
Literate with no formal education
|
8.4
|
8.4
|
8.2
| |
|
Primary school
|
34.0
|
34.0
|
34.9
| |
|
Junior high school
|
9.5
|
9.5
|
9.8
| |
|
Senior high school
|
6.0
|
6.0
|
7.0
| |
|
College or above
|
5.5
|
5.5
|
6.2
| |
|
Subjective financial status (%)
| | | |
**
|
|
Very satisfied
|
7.5
|
6.9
|
5.7
| |
|
Satisfied
|
33.4
|
32.0
|
41.4
| |
|
Average
|
43.3
|
40.9
|
33.5
| |
|
Dissatisfied
|
15.9
|
20.3
|
19.3
| |
|
Self-rated health
| | | |
**
|
|
Very good
|
12.2
|
9.2
|
7.9
| |
|
Good
|
19.4
|
19.4
|
21.0
| |
|
Faire
|
34.2
|
34.4
|
32.1
| |
|
Poor
|
28.9
|
29.9
|
32.5
| |
|
Very poor
|
5.4
|
7.1
|
6.6
| |
|
CESD-10 score
|
6.5+-6.5
|
11.0+-3.7
|
10.5+-3.5
|
**
|
-
a Chi-squared (ANOVA)test for count (continuous) variables for difference in trends across the waves, ** = p < 0.01
