Characteristic | Age and sex adjusted (Model I)†| Adjusted for the final model (Model III)‡ | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 | n | RR | 95% CI | n | RR | 95% CI |
Occupation (SES) | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   Non-manual | 184 | 1 [ref] | . | . | . | . |
   Manual | 112 | 1.18 | 0.89-1.57 | . | . | . |
   Self-employed | 40 | 0.28 | 0.12-0.62 | . | . | . |
Smoking, current | 331 | 0.79 | 0.55-1.15 | . | . | . |
BMI | 339 | 1.01 | 0.97-1.05 | . | . | . |
Alcohol consumption | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   Lowa | 263 | 1 [ref] |  |  |  |  |
   Mediumb | 36 | 0.41 | 0.21-0.83 | . | . | . |
   Highc | 25 | 0.65 | 0.34-1.26 | . | . | . |
Disease (self report diagnosis) | 340 | 1.38 | 1.04-1.83 | . | . | . |
Past sickness absence | 340 | 1.36 | 1.21-1.51 | . | . | . |
I Work environment | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   Job strain | 323 | 2.28 | 1.01-5.15 | 298 | 1.50 | 0.67-3.40 |
Psychological demands | 326 | 1.02 | 0.96-1.08 | 299 | 1.03 | 0.97-1.09 |
Decision latitude | 337 | 0.95 | 0.90-1.00 | 309 | 1.00 | 0.95-1.07 |
   Social support at work | 318 | 0.95 | 0.88-1.01 | 289 | 0.96 | 0.89-1.02 |
   Overcommitment | 329 | 1.00 | 0.97-1.03 | 300 | 1.02 | 0.98-1.05 |
II Emotional support | 337 | 1.42 | 1.14-1.77 | 307 | 1.41 | 1.12-1.76 |
III Psychological resources | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
1. Sense of coherence | 337 | 0.99 | 0.97-1.00 | 308 | 1.00 | 0.98-1.01 |
2. Mastery | 330 | 0.96 | 0.92-1.01 | 300 | 0.99 | 0.94-1.04 |
3. Self-esteem | 328 | 0.96 | 0.93-0.99 | 299 | 0.98 | 0.95-1.01 |
4. Perceived control | 311 | 0.99 | 0.97-1.01 | 285 | 1.00 | 0.98-1.03 |
Previous back pain | 329 | 0.94 | 0.69-1.28 | 301 | 0.83 | 0.61-1.13 |