Table 1 Overview of studies on childhood psychosocial factors and incident type 2 diabetes

D1 [41]

Lidfeldt

et al.

2007

USA

NHS

100,330

females

30-55

22

Father´s occupation

5 levels^a

T2DM (FPG > 140 mg/dl)˚

RR (CI) laborer vs. rest ^a

1.08 (0.95; 1.2)

1 (D = 0; R = 0; E = 0; O = 0, C = 1)

D2 [42]

Maty

et al.

2008

USA

ACS

5,913

17-94

34

Father´s occupation

2 levels manual/non-manual

Self-reported DM

HR (CI) for manual vs. non-manual

m 1.2 (0.8; 1.7)

w 1.7 (1.2; 2.4)

3 (D = 1; R = 1; E = 0; O = 0; C = 1)

D3 [43]

Gissler

et al.

1999

FIN

59,865

0

7

Mother´s occupation

3 levels^b

DM criteria

register based

OR (CI) for

blue-collar vs. upper white collar^b

0.83 (0.5; 1.5)

3 (D = 1; R = 1; E = 1; O = 0; C = 0)

D4 [49]

Hayes

et al.

2006

UK

233

(BMI≥25)

0

50

Father´s occupation

3 levels^c

"metabolically normal" (MetS)

OR (CI) for

Class IV, V vs. I, II

m 0.2 (0.05; 0.8)*

w 0.6 (0.1; 2.7)

1 (D = 1; R = 0; E = 0; O = 0; C = 0)

D5 [47]

Langen-berg et al.

2006

UK

2,629

0

53

Father´s occupation

6 levels^d

HbA1c ( > 5,8%)

OR (CI) for lowest vs. highest class

m 1.1 (1.0; 1.8)

w 0.8 (0.5; 1.4)

3 (D = 1; R = 1; E = 1; O = 0; C = 0)

D6 [46]

Kivimäki et al.

2005

FIN

1,922

3-18

21

Parental occupation

3 levels^b

HOMA-IR

OR (CI) for change per descending CSES category

m 1.3 (1.03; 1.6)*

w 1.2 (0.98; 1.5)

4 (D = 1; R = 1; E = 1; O = 1; C = 0)

D7 [44]

Kohler

et al.

2005

MEX

6,423

50+

2

Parental education

4 levels^e

Self-reported DM

OR (CI)^h for mother > elementary vs. rest

0.6 (0.5; 0.8)**

2 (D = 0; R = 1; E = 1; O = 0; C = 0)

D8 [45]

Best

et al.

2005

USA

HRS

12,589

51+

4

Parental education (in years)

Self-reported DM

β (SE) regression coefficients (linear)

m 0.2 (0.1)

w 0.05 (0.1)

2 (D = 0; R = 1; E = 1; O = 0; C = 0)

D9 [50]

Goodman et al.

2007

USA

PSD

1,167

13-19

3

Parental education;

4 categories^f

HOMA-IR

β (SE) for high school or less vs. rest

4.5 (0.78)**

3 (D = 1; R = 0; E = 1; O = 1, C = 0)

D10 [48]

Thomas

et al.

2008

UK

9,310

0

45

Childhoood adversity^g

HbA1c ( > 6,0%); MetS

OR (CI) for mother: little interest in education

1.4 (0.99; 1.9)

3 (D = 1; R = 1; E = 0; O = 0; C = 1)