From: Risk factors for childhood malnutrition in Roma settlements in Serbia
Characteristic | Stunting | Wasting | Underweight | ||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 | % | OR | 95% | aORa | 95% | % | OR | 95% | aORa | 95% | % | OR | 95% | aORa | 95% |
 |  |  | CI |  | CI |  |  | CI |  | CI |  |  | CI |  | CI |
Type of settlement | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   Urban | 19.5 | 0.9 | (0.6, 1.3) | 1.1 | (0.8, 1.6) | 5.2 | 2.8* | (1.1, 7.7) | 2.8* | (1.3, 6.2) | 8.6 | 1.4 | (0.8, 2.4) | 1.4 | (0.9, 2.2) |
   Rural | 21.6 | 1.0 | refb | 1.0 |  | 1.9 | 1.0 | ref | 1.0 | ref | 6.2 | 1.0 | ref | 1.0 | ref |
Region | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   Vojvodina | 19.9 | 1.1 | (0.7, 1.6) | 0.8 | (0.6, 1.2) | 7.3 | 2.9* | (1.6, 5.1) | 3.2* | (1.7, 5.9) | 10.8 | 2.0* | (1.2, 3.3) | 1.8* | (1.1, 2.9) |
   Belgrade | 24.3 | 1.4 | (0.9, 2.2) | 2.0* | (1.3, 3.1) | 4.2 | 1.5 | (0.8, 3.0) | 1.4 | (0.7, 2.5) | 9.8 | 1.6 | (0.9, 3.0) | 1.5 | (0.8, 2.9) |
Central Serbia | 18.4 | 1.0 | ref | 1.0 | ref | 2.8 | 1.0 | ref | 1.0 | ref | 5.8 | 1.0 | ref | 1.0 | ref |
Mother's education | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Primary or less | 20.5 | 2.2 | (0.9, 5.3) | 1.4 | (0.6, 3.6) | 4.4 | 2.1 | (0.3, 16.9) | 2.0 | (0.2, 19.0) | 8.2 | b | b | b | b |
   Secondary | 10.4 | 1.0 | ref | 1.0 | ref | 2.1 | 1.0 | ref | 1.0 | ref | 2.1 |  |  |  |  |
Mother's literacy | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Cannot read sentence | 21.2 | 1.0 | (0.7, 1.5) | 0.8 | (0.6, 1.1) | 4.6 | 1.5 | (0.7, 3.0) | 1.4 | (0.7, 2.8) | 8.5 | 1.1 | (0.7, 1.9) | 1.0 | (0.6, 1.6) |
Read part of sentence | 19.3 | 0.9 | (0.6, 1.5) | 0.8 | (0.5, 1.4) | 7.4 | 2.4* | (1.1, 5.1) | 2.2* | (1.1, 4.4) | 8.0 | 1.1 | (0.5, 2.1) | 1.0 | (0.5, 2.0) |
Read entire sentence | 20.7 | 1.0 | ref | 1.0 | ref | 3.2 | 1.0 | ref | 1.0 | ref | 7.6 | 1.0 | ref | 1.0 | ref |
Father's education | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Primary or less | 20.8 | 1.4 | (0.8, 2.5) | 1.1 | (0.6, 1.9) | 4.1 | 1.0 | (0.4, 2.6) | 0.8 | (0.3, 2.2) | 8.0 | 1.3 | (0.7, 2.4) | 1.0 | (0.5, 1.9) |
   Secondary | 15.7 | 1.0 | ref | 1.0 | ref | 4.1 | 1.0 | ref | 1.0 | ref | 6.6 | 1.0 | ref | 1.0 | (0.3, 2.9) |
Father not in household | 18.3 | 1.2 | (0.6, 2.7) | 0.8 | (0.4, 1.9) | 7.0 | 1.8 | (0.5, 6.3) | 1.5 | (0.4, 5.6) | 9.9 | 1.6 | (0.5, 4.7) | 1.0 | 1.0 |
Wealth quintile | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
1st (lowest wealth) | 31.5 | 3.0* | (1.8, 5.0) | 4.1* | (2.4, 6.9) | 3.3 | 0.9 | (0.3, 2.4) | 0.7 | (0.3, 1.9) | 7.1 | 1.0 | (0.5, 2.0) | 1.0 | (0.5, 2.0) |
   2nd | 22.1 | 1.8* | (1.0, 3.3) | 2.1* | (1.2, 3.7) | 4.9 | 1.3 | (0.6, 3.1) | 1.2 | (0.5, 2.9) | 9.4 | 1.4 | (0.7, 2.9) | 1.2 | (0.6, 2.6) |
   3rd | 18.9 | 1.5 | (0.9, 2.7) | 1.6 | (0.9, 2.8) | 6.2 | 1.7 | (0.7, 4.0) | 1.6 | (0.7, 3.4) | 9.5 | 1.4 | (0.7, 2.8) | 1.3 | (0.6, 2.5) |
   4th | 13.4 | 1.0 | (0.6, 1.6) | 1.0 | (0.6, 1.6) | 3.2 | 0.9 | (0.4, 1.9) | 0.9 | (0.4, 2.0) | 6.9 | 1.0 | (0.5, 1.9) | 0.9 | (0.5, 1.8) |
5th (highest wealth) | 13.4 | 1.0 | ref | 1.0 | ref | 3.7 | 1.0 | ref | 1.0 | ref | 6.9 | 1.0 | ref | 1.0 | ref |
Mother's age at first marriage | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
15 years or less | 20.2 | 1.3 | (0.8, 2.0) | 1.2 | (0.7, 1.9) | 5.0 | 0.9 | (0.4, 2.2) | 0.9 | (0.4, 2.1) | 8.5 | 1.4 | (0.7, 2.8) | 1.3 | (0.7, 2.7) |
   16-17 years | 21.2 | 1.4 | (0.9, 2.1) | 1.2 | (0.8, 1.9) | 3.5 | 0.6 | (0.3, 1.5) | 0.7 | (0.3, 1.6) | 4.6 | 0.7 | (0.3, 1.6) | 0.7 | (0.3, 1.6) |
18 years or more | 16.5 | 1.0 | ref | 1.0 | (0.9, 2.1) | 5.3 | 1.0 | ref | 1.0 | ref | 6.2 | 1.0 | ref | 1.0 | ref |