Multi-level, cross-sectional study of workplace social capital and smoking among Japanese employees

BMC Public Health

Table 3 The ORs for current smoking associated with individual-level and company-level lack of reciprocity at work^a

	Empty model	Model 1	Model 2	Model 3
	OR (95% CI)	OR (95% CI)	OR (95% CI)	OR (95% CI)
Fixed effects
Individual-level variables
Individual lack of reciprocity (vs. reciprocity)^b		1.17 (0.80-1.71)		1.15 (0.79-1.69)
Women (vs. men)		0.14 (0.09-0.22)	0.14 (0.09-0.22)	0.14 (0.09-0.22)
Age (in 10 years unit)		0.84 (0.74-0.97)	0.85 (0.75-0.97)	0.84 (0.74-0.97)
Manual (vs. non-manual) work		0.85 (0.54-1.33)	0.85 (0.55-1.32)	0.85 (0.55-1.34)
Basic (vs. higher) educational achievement		1.53 (1.13-2.08)	1.52 (1.12-2.06)	1.52 (1.12-2.07)
High (vs. low) alcohol use		1.68 (1.25-2.28)	1.67 (1.25-2.25)	1.68 (1.25-2.26)
No (vs. yes) physical activity		0.98 (0.73-1.30)	0.97 (0.73-1.29)	0.98 (0.73-1.30)
25 or larger (vs. < 25) BMI (kg/m²)		0.90 (0.63-1.28)	0.90 (0.64-1.28)	0.90 (0.64-1.28)
High blood sugar		1.15 (0.68-1.94)	1.13 (0.67-1.89)	1.15 (0.68-1.94)
High blood pressure		0.73 (0.48-1.11)	0.73 (0.48-1.11)	0.73 (0.48-1.10)
Low HDL and/or high triglyceride		0.75 (0.54-1.04)	0.75 (0.54-1.04)	0.75 (0.54-1.04)
Company-level variable
Company-level lack of reciprocity^c			1.05 (0.89-1.23)	1.06 (0.89-1.24)
Random effects
Company-level variance (SD)	0.204 (0.094)	0.076 (0.071)	0.078 (0.069)	0.068 (0.070)
Median odds ratio	1.54 (1.26-1.87)	1.30 (1.03-1.61)	1.31 (1.04-1.61)	1.28 (1.03-1.61)
Deviance Information Criterion	1470.45	1254.23	1252.28	1255.63

BMI, body mass index; CI, credible interval; HDL, high density lipoprotein; OR, odds ratio; SD, standard deviation.
^a All models except for empty model are adjusted for sex, age, occupational status, education, alcohol consumption, physical activity, body mass index, and co-morbid conditions (high blood sugar, high blood pressure, and low HDL and/or high triglyceride).
^b Individual-level lack of reciprocity was group-mean centered in model 3.
^c Company-level lack of reciprocity was defined as the proportion of the employees reporting lack of reciprocity within the company. The odds ratios associated with a one-standard deviation change in the company-level lack of reciprocity (11.2%) are shown.

ISSN: 1471-2458