Epidemic of hypertension in Ghana: a systematic review

Bosu, William K

doi:10.1186/1471-2458-10-418

BMC Public Health

Table 1 Background characteristics of study sample and prevalence of hypertension by sex

From: Epidemic of hypertension in Ghana: a systematic review

Study references	Year of study	Location	Region	Population type	Participants	Sample size sex			Sample size residence		Response rate	Age in years		Prevalence ≥ 140/90			Crude Prevalence ≥ 160/95
						Men	Women	Total	urban	rural		Range	mean	Men	Women	Total	Men	Women	Total
Pobee et al 1979 [22–24, 74]	1972/1973	Accra-Tema	GAR	urban	public servants	5520	1380	6900			91.0	15 -64	nr	nr	nr	nr	9.8	4.3	8.9
Pobee et al 1977 [24, 32]	early 1973	Danfa cluster of 20 villages^a	GAR	rural	general pop.	809	861	1670	-	1670	97.5	16 -75+	nr^k	nr	nr	nr	4.2	4.8	4.5
Ikeme et al 1978 [21, 22, 37, 41]	Sept 1975 - May 1976	Mamprobi, Accra	GAR	urban	general pop.	1637	2108	3745	3745	-	73.0	15 -64	nr^l	28.5%^m	23.2%^m	25.5%^m	16.1	10.8	13.1
Chukwuemeka et al 1983 [20, 74]	1981	Mamprobi, Accra	GAR	urban	general pop.	nr	nr	928	928	-	25.0	15 -64	nr	nr	nr	nr	nr	nr	13.0
Hesse 1998 [30]	Mar - Jun 1995	James Camp Prison in Accra^b	GAR	urban	Male Prison Officers; prisoners	292^g	-	292	292	-	officers 81.4 prisoners 95.3	Nr	officers = 39.8 ± 9.5; prisoners = 31.1 ± 10.3	nr	nr	nr	officers = 36.4; prisoners = 2.9	-	nr
Amoah 2003 [33]	1998	2 urban and 2 rural sites	GAR	Rural; urban	general pop.	1860	2873	4733	nr	nr	75	25 - 102	44.3 ± 14.7	27.6	29.5	28.3	14.7	17.4	16.2
Addo et al 2006 [27]	2001	4 sites, Ga district^c	GAR	rural	general pop.	107	255	362	0	362	60-80% of villages	18 - 99	42.4 ± 18.6	24.1	25.9	25.4	nr	nr	15.2
Burket 2006 [35]	April 2002	Liati and Tokor, Kpando district	VR	rural	general pop.	66	221	287	0	287	99.0	17 -60+	41.8^h	39.4	30.7	32.8	nr	nr	nr
Cappucio et al 2004 [36, 75]	June 2001 - June 2002	6 semi-urban^d and 6 rural	AR	Rural; semi-urban	general pop.	385	628	1013	532	481	53.4	40 -75	54.7 ± 11.3	29.9	28.0	28.7	nr	nr	nr
Escalona et al 2004 [18]	Oct 2000 - Sept 2002	6 sites, Accra^e	GAR	urban	general pop.	257	341	598	598	nr	nr	15 - 65+	nr	27.6	26.1	26.8	nr	nr	nr
Hill et al 2007 [29, 44]	2003	Accra Metropolis	GAR	urban	general pop. of women	0	1328	1328	1328	-	41.5	18 -100	46.8 ± 18.0	-	48.0	48.0	nr	nr	nr
Agyeman et al 2006 [28, 42]	2004	Kumasi and 4 villages	AR	Rural; urban	general pop.	787	644	1431	853	578	82-99	16 -50+	35.9	31.0	28.0	29.4	nr	nr	nr
Addo et al 2008 [31, 76]	2005	7 ministries, Accra^f	GAR	urban	civil servants	615	400	1015	1015	nr	82.7	25 -68	44.0 ± 10.1	31.7	28.0	30.2	nr	nr	nr
Owiredu et al 2008 [19]	Aug - Oct 2005	3 Pentecostal churches, Kumasi	AR	urban	Church goers	117	266	383	383	-	Nr	18 - 85	41.6 ± 13.4	SBP = 12.0; DBP = 9.4	SBP = 29.3; DBP = 25.6	SBP = 24.0; DBP = 20.6	nr	nr	nr
Kunutsor & Powles 2009 [34]	Feb - Apr 2007	Kassena-Nankana District	UER	rural	general pop.	207	367	574	-	574	95.7	15 - 65	37.8 ± 14.1			19.2
Mensa-Wilmot 2003 [26]	2003	Kassena-Nankana District	UER	rural	general pop.	852	1166	2018	-	2018	Nr	15 -64	36.0 ± 14.6ⁱ	SBP = 5.6; DBP = 7.2	SBP = 3.8; DBP = 5.4	SBP = 6.2; DBP = 4.5	nr	nr	nr
Akufo 2008 [25]	2008	Kumasi metropolis	AR	urban	factory workers	251	49	300	300	-	Nr	17 -72	34.5^j	22.7	18.4	22.0	nr	nr	nr

nr = not reported; GAR = Greater Accra Region; AR = Ashanti Region; UER = Upper East Region; VR = Volta Region; general pop. = general population
a = Danfa villages within 80 km of Accra; b = Low security prison; c = Sarpeiman, Opah, Ayikai Doblo, Amamoley in Amasaman sub-district; d = semi-urban sites (Tikrom, Appeadu, Duase, Apatrapa, Feyiase, Nwamase) up to 15 km from Kumasi, rural sites (Pemenase, Edwenase, Domeabra, Ofoase, Atia, Dumakwai) up to 40 km from Kumasi in the Kumasi and Ejisu-Juaben districts; e = communities are Teshie, Sakaman, Awoshie, Onyinase, Dansoman, Mamprobi; f = out of 26 ministries; g = 88 Prison officers and 204 prisoners; h, i, j = median age 40, 35, 39 years respectively; k = 63.8% aged < 45 years; l = 36.5% of sample aged 15-25 years; 5.8% aged 55-64 years; m = based on 2,001 men and 2,702 women

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ISSN: 1471-2458

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