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Table 3 Association between characteristics of CRD patients and risk of death, overall and by pharmacotherapy level

From: Mortality in Western Australian seniors with chronic respiratory diseases: a cohort study

Patient Characteristic

All patients

SABs

Low dose ICS

Medium dose ICS ± LABs

High dose ICS ± LABs ± OS

P-value for interaction

 

HR (95% CI)

HR (95% CI)

HR (95% CI)

HR (95% CI)

HR (95% CI)

 

Gender*

      

   Female

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

 

   Male

1.72 (1.65-1.80)

1.53 (1.40-1.67)

1.56 (1.35-1.82)

1.64 (1.50-1.79)

1.97 (1.84-2.10)

0.0003

Race*

      

   Non-Indigenous

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

 

   Indigenous

1.28 (0.94-1.73)

1.38 (0.79-2.42)

1.06 (0.25-4.58)

1.36 (0.70-2.65)

1.18 (0.74-1.87)

0.8841

Socioeconomic status quintile*

      

   Least disadvantaged

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

 

   2nd least disadvantaged

1.03 (0.96-1.10)

1.03 (0.90-1.17)

1.03 (0.81-1.31)

0.99 (0.87-1.14)

1.04 (0.93-1.15)

0.8144

   Medium disadvantaged

1.05 (0.98-1.12)

0.99 (0.86-1.13)

1.03 (0.82-1.31)

1.05 (0.91-1.20)

1.07 (0.96-1.19)

0.5340

   2nd most disadvantaged

1.06 (0.99-1.14)

0.97 (0.85-1.12)

1.20 (0.96-1.51)

1.06 (0.93-1.22)

1.07 (0.96-1.19)

0.7491

   Most disadvantaged

1.16 (1.08-1.24)

1.00 (0.87-1.15)

1.14 (0.91-1.44)

1.25 (1.09-1.42)

1.19 (1.07-1.31)

0.1161

Residential remoteness*

      

   Major Cities

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

 

   Inner Regional

0.95 (0.89-1.01)

1.00 (0.88-1.15)

1.04 (0.83-1.32)

0.99 (0.87-1.13)

0.87 (0.79-0.97)

0.2424

   Outer Regional

1.00 (0.92-1.07)

1.06 (0.91-1.23)

1.00 (0.76-1.32)

0.97 (0.84-1.13)

0.97 (0.87-1.09)

0.5563

   Remote

0.83 (0.70-0.99)

0.88 (0.61-1.26)

0.58 (0.24-1.41)

1.09 (0.81-1.45)

0.70 (0.54-0.90)

0.4457

   Very Remote

0.87 (0.58-1.30)

0.49 (0.18-1.36)

0.62 (0.08-4.79)

1.13 (0.56-2.28)

1.01 (0.56-1.84)

0.1967

  1. * Adjusted for Charlson index of co-morbidity and all other variables in the table using Cox multivariate regression.
  2. HR = hazard ratio; 95% CI = 95% confidence interval; SABs = Short Acting Bronchodilators; ICS = Inhaled Corticosteroids; LABs = Long Acting Bronchodilators; OS = Oral Steriod