Table 2 Association between peripheral arterial disease and potential risk factors. Logistic regression models adjusted by age and sex

Men

2.13 (1.65-2.75)

Age (per 10 years)

2.25 (1.96-2.60)

Education (reference = Illiterate)

0.011

   Primary school

0.65 (0.42-1.00)

   Secondary school

0.55 (0.31-0.99)

   High school

0.48 (0.20-1.16)

   University

0.29 (0.10-0.87)

Occupation status (reference = Currently working)

   Housewife

1.02 (0.57-1.83)

   Retired

1.14 (0.70-1.86)

   Unemployed

1.10 (0.45-2.71)

   Disabled

2.50 (1.29-4.88)

   Other

1.76 (0.51-6.05)

Ability to perform physical activity (reference = No limitation)

< 0.001

   Mild limitation

2.07 (1.47-2.92)

   Only able to do light activity

4.84 (3.19-7.36)

   Breathless with any activity

6.70 (3.10-14.45)

Walking (hours/week) (reference = 0-3)

0.002

   >3-7

0.88 (0.60-1.29)

   >7

0.58 (0.40-0.82)

Tobacco smoking (reference = Never smoker)

< 0.001

   Former smoker

2.14 (1.45-3.17)

   Current smoker

3.91 (2.58-5.93)

Claudication

5.00 (3.73-6.71)

Obesity (reference = BMI<25)

0.685

   Overweight (25≤BMI<30)

0.67 (0.48-0.94)

   Obese (BMI ≥30)

0.85 (0.60-1.20)

Waist circumference

0.174

   2nd tertile^a

1.02 (0.73-1.41)

   3rd tertile

1.23 (0.90-1.67)

Hypertension

1.99 (1.51-2.62)

Hypercholesterolemia

1.86 (1.43-2.41)

Triglycerides ≥ 150 mg/dL

2.05 (1.58-2.66)

Diabetes

2.39 (1.82-3.15)

Stroke

2.92 (1.74-4.90)

Transient ischaemic attack

1.73 (0.93-3.20)

Angor

1.90 (1.23-2.93)

Myocardial infarction

3.81 (2.50-5.82)

Framingham index (aged≤74)

< 0.001

   10-20

1.42 (0.88-2.29)

   >20

2.57 (1.49-4.43)

REGICOR index (aged≤74)

< 0.001

   5-10

1.60 (1.05-2.43)

   >10

2.61 (1.55-4.38)

SCORE index (aged<65)

< 0.001

   2.5-5

1.43 (0.71-2.89)

   >5

3.99 (2.00-7.95)

Metabolic syndrome (NCEP)

1.79 (1.36-2.36)