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Table 2 The unadjusted and adjusted HRQoL indicators in the studied groups.

From: Diabetes mellitus and hypertension have comparable adverse effects on health-related quality of life

 

HI (N = 5,043)

RR (N = 1,490)

RR+ (N = 1,564)

DM (N = 231)

DM+ (N = 742)

pa

PF

81.5 (80.9-82.2)

66.6 (65.2-68.0)

47.8 (46.3-49.2)

65.1 (61.5-68.7)

49.9 (47.8-52.0)

< 0.001

 

78.1 (76.8-79.5)

67.8 (66.0-69.7)

51.7 (49.7-53.7)

69.4 (65.4-73.4)

57.3 (54.6-60.0)

 

RP

77.5 (76.4-78.5)

58.1 (55.9-60.3)

33.5 (31.4-35.6)

56.1 (50.2-61.9)

35.9 (32.7-39.1)

< 0.001

 

73.3 (71.1-75.5)

60.3 (57.3-63.3)

38.1 (34.8-41.3)

61.1 (54.6-67.7)

43.4 (39.0-47.8)

 

BP

74.5 (73.7-75.3)

62.1 (60.7-63.6)

48.5 (47.1-50.0)

58.7 (54.9-62.5)

49.4 (47.2-51.6)

< 0.001

 

72.8 (71.2-74.3)

65.5 (63.4-67.6)

52.7 (50.3-57.0)

62.9 (58.3-67.6)

54.0 (50.9-57.1)

 

GH

64.2 (63.6-64.8)

51.6 (50.6-52.6)

40.2 (39.2-41.1)

49.0 (46.3-51.7)

39.2 (37.8-40.6)

< 0.001

 

62.9 (61.8-64.0)

53.2 (51.7-54.7)

43.7 (42.1-45.3)

52.7 (49.5-55.9)

41.7 (39.6-43.9)

 

VT

60.7 (60.1-61.2)

53.2 (52.2-54.2)

39.8 (38.7-40.9)

51.4 (48.5-54.3)

41.3 (39.7-43.0)

< 0.001

 

59.1 (57.9-60.2)

55.4 (53.9-57.0)

44.4 (42.7-46.1)

55.0 (51.7-58.4)

46.5 (44.2-48.7)

 

SF

82.0 (81.4-82.7)

74.4 (73.1-75.6)

58.7 (57.2-60.2)

69.2 (65.6-72.8)

59.8 (57.6-61.9)

< 0.001

 

79.2 (77.8-80.6)

76.1 (74.2-78.0)

62.7 (60.6-64.8)

73.9 (69.8-78.1)

64.7 (61.9-67.4)

 

RE

79.9 (78.9-80.9)

69.3 (67.1-71.4)

51.4 (49.1-53.7)

70.4 (64.9-76.0)

51.5 (48.1-54.9)

< 0.001

 

76.6 (74.3-78.8)

72.6 (69.5-75.7)

57.1 (53.7-60.5)

74.7 (67.9-81.4)

58.8 (54.2-63.3)

 

MH

68.3 (67.8-68.8)

62.5 (61.5-63.4)

52.8 (51.7-53.8)

60.6 (58.1-63.2)

53.7 (52.1-55.3)

< 0.001

 

66.8 (65.7-67.8)

64.0 (62.6-65.5)

57.8 (56.2-59.4)

63.4 (60.2-66.5)

58.1 (56.0-60.2)

 
  1. Data are presented as mean (± 95% confidence interval); adjusted results are in italic format; a post-hoc analysis showed significant differences between RR&RR+, RR&DM+, DM&DM+, DM&RR+ and HI& all other groups (RR, RR+, DM, DM+) in all SF-36 dimensions; Scheffe test, p < 0.001; Abbreviations: HI - healthy individuals, RR - participants with hypertension, RR+ - hypertension and other cardiovascular comorbidities, DM - diabetes mellitus, DM+ - diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular comorbidities, PF - physical functioning, RP - role physical, BP - bodily pain, GH - general health, VT - vitality, SF - social functioning, RE - role emotional, MH - mental health.