Effect of an individually tailored one-year energy balance programme on body weight, body composition and lifestyle in recent retirees: a cluster randomised controlled trial

Andrea Werkman; Paul JM Hulshof; Annette Stafleu; Stef PJ Kremers; Frans J Kok; Evert G Schouten; Albertine J Schuit

doi:10.1186/1471-2458-10-110

Table 3 Change and treatment effect for physical activity and dietary intake in men after A) 12 and B) 24 months follow-up

From: Effect of an individually tailored one-year energy balance programme on body weight, body composition and lifestyle in recent retirees: a cluster randomised controlled trial

A)	Baseline		Follow-up at 12 months
			Change		Treatment effect^†	d ^‡
	intervention	control	intervention	control
Number	174	178	164	170
Daily routine PA^a (min/wk)	286 ± 264	244 ± 212	62.5 ± 287.9*	80.7 ± 281.7*	-0.68 (-57.7;56.3)	-0.06
Recreation/sports PA^a (min/wk)	270 ± 423	250 ± 321	50.9 ± 463.5	38.6 ± 362.6	24.26 (-40.3;88.9)	0.03
Σ household activities (0-6)	2.5 ± 1.3	2.4 ± 1.4	0.9 ± 1.3**	1 ± 1.5**	-0.1 (-0.4;0.2)	-0.07
PASE^a	116.3 ± 64.4	122.4 ± 68.3	22.9 ± 64.4**	17.6 ± 69.9*	1.35 (-9.84;12.5)	0.08
Fruit & vegetable (g/MJ)	31.2 ± 16.8	32 ± 16.4	4.4 ± 22.4*	2.2 ± 17.2	1.68 (-2.7;6.1)	0.11
Fat intake (en%)	34.5 ± 5.4	33.7 ± 5.2	-1.4 ± 5.5*	-0.4 ± 4.8	-0.7 (-1.7;0.3)	-0.19
Energy intake (MJ/day)	9.5 ± 2.1	9.8 ± 2.2	-1 ± 1.9**	-0.8 ± 1.9**	-0.24 (-0.6;0.1)	-0.12
Sliced meat (serving/month)	39.7 ± 28.1	39.7 ± 29.9	-4.7 ± 27.3*	-2.4 ± 26.4	-2.61 (-8.0;2.8)	-0.09
Meat (serving/month)	20.5 ± 9.2	20.9 ± 10.2	-2.8 ± 8.6**	-1.9 ± 10.5*	-1 (-2.8;0.9)	-0.09
Beer (serving/month)	23.1 ± 26.5	29.4 ± 30.4	0.2 ± 21.3	-2 ± 20.6	1.01 (-4.0;6.0)	0.11
Wine (serving/month)	26 ± 24.9	24.7 ± 23.4	-0.8 ± 17.5	-0.3 ± 15.5	-0.47 (-4.5;3.6)	-0.03
Sugar in tea (cubes/cup)	0.5 ± 0.6	0.6 ± 0.6	-0.2 ± 0.6**	-0.3 ± 0.6**	0.08 (-0.03;0.2)	0.18
Sugar in coffee (cubes/cup)	0.5 ± 0.8	0.5 ± 0.7	-0.1 ± 0.5	-0.1 ± 0.7	0 (-0.1;0.1)	-0.05
Milk in coffee (cubes/cup)	0.6 ± 0.6	0.5 ± 0.6	0 ± 0.9	0.1 ± 0.9	-0.08 (-2.0;0.1)	-0.10
B)	Baseline		Follow-up at 24 months
			Change		Treatment effect ^†	d ^‡
	intervention	control	intervention	control
Number	174	178	153	155
Daily routine PA^a (min/wk)	286 ± 264	244 ± 212	92.8 ± 354.6*	122.6 ± 273.2**	-9.92 (-73.6;53.8)	-0.09
Recreation/sport PA^a (min/wk)	270 ± 423	250 ± 321	74.5 ± 499.6	23.4 ± 310.7	70.24 (5.6;134.9)	0.12
Σ household activities (0-6)	2.5 ± 1.3	2.4 ± 1.4	0.9 ± 1.3**	1.2 ± 1.5**	-0.29 (-0.5;0.0)	-0.19
PASE^a	116.3 ± 64.4	122.4 ± 68.3	22.6 ± 67.5**	19.0 ± 64.9*	-1.27 (-11.6;9.7)	0.05
Fruit & vegetable (g/MJ)	31.2 ± 16.8	32 ± 16.4	4.6 ± 17.9*	0.5 ± 17	2.99 (-0.5;6.5)	0.24
Fat intake (en%)	34.5 ± 5.4	33.7 ± 5.2	-1 ± 5.7*	0.1 ± 4.9	-0.5 (-1.5;0.5)	-0.20
Energy intake (MJ/day)	9.5 ± 2.1	9.8 ± 2.2	-0.8 ± 1.9**	-0.8 ± 2.2**	-0.04 (-0.5;0.4)	-0.01
Sliced meat (serving/month)	39.7 ± 28.1	39.7 ± 29.9	-3.6 ± 28.4	-6.1 ± 26.6*	1.88 (-3.2;7.0)	0.09
Meat (serving/month)	20.5 ± 9.2	20.9 ± 10.2	-1.5 ± 9.3*	-1.3 ± 8.8	-0.36 (-2.3;1.6)	-0.03
Beer (serving/month)	23.1 ± 26.5	29.4 ± 30.4	-1.8 ± 19.9	-3.7 ± 23	-0.52 (-5.4;4.4)	0.09
Wine (serving/month)	26 ± 24.9	24.7 ± 23.4	-0.3 ± 20.5	0.7 ± 18.6	-0.60 (-4.6;3.4)	-0.05
Sugar in tea (cubes/cup)	0.5 ± 0.6	0.6 ± 0.6	-0.3 ± 0.6**	-0.3 ± 0.7**	0 (-0.1;0.1)	0.02
Sugar in coffee (cubes/cup)	0.5 ± 0.8	0.5 ± 0.7	-0.1 ± 0.5*	-0.1 ± 0.7	0 (-0.1;0.1)	-0.06
Milk in coffee (cubes/cup)	0.6 ± 0.6	0.5 ± 0.6	0 ± 0.5	0.0 ± 0.4	-0.02 (-0.1;0.1)	-0.08

^aPhysical Activity (Scale for the Elderly). Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation unless stated otherwise. *p < 0.05 and *p < 0.0001 for within-group-changes. ^† Estimates for treatment effect (95% confidence interval) reflect the between-group-difference and are adjusted for baseline measurements and cluster randomisation. ^‡ Cohen's d. Small: d = 0.33; Medium: 0.33 <d < 0.55; Large: d = 0.56.

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