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Table 3 Change and treatment effect for physical activity and dietary intake in men after A) 12 and B) 24 months follow-up

From: Effect of an individually tailored one-year energy balance programme on body weight, body composition and lifestyle in recent retirees: a cluster randomised controlled trial

A)

Baseline

Follow-up at 12 months

 
   

Change

Treatment effect†

d ‡

 

intervention

control

intervention

control

  

Number

174

178

164

170

  

Daily routine PAa (min/wk)

286 ± 264

244 ± 212

62.5 ± 287.9*

80.7 ± 281.7*

-0.68 (-57.7;56.3)

-0.06

Recreation/sports PAa (min/wk)

270 ± 423

250 ± 321

50.9 ± 463.5

38.6 ± 362.6

24.26 (-40.3;88.9)

0.03

Σ household activities (0-6)

2.5 ± 1.3

2.4 ± 1.4

0.9 ± 1.3**

1 ± 1.5**

-0.1 (-0.4;0.2)

-0.07

PASEa

116.3 ± 64.4

122.4 ± 68.3

22.9 ± 64.4**

17.6 ± 69.9*

1.35 (-9.84;12.5)

0.08

Fruit & vegetable (g/MJ)

31.2 ± 16.8

32 ± 16.4

4.4 ± 22.4*

2.2 ± 17.2

1.68 (-2.7;6.1)

0.11

Fat intake (en%)

34.5 ± 5.4

33.7 ± 5.2

-1.4 ± 5.5*

-0.4 ± 4.8

-0.7 (-1.7;0.3)

-0.19

Energy intake (MJ/day)

9.5 ± 2.1

9.8 ± 2.2

-1 ± 1.9**

-0.8 ± 1.9**

-0.24 (-0.6;0.1)

-0.12

Sliced meat (serving/month)

39.7 ± 28.1

39.7 ± 29.9

-4.7 ± 27.3*

-2.4 ± 26.4

-2.61 (-8.0;2.8)

-0.09

Meat (serving/month)

20.5 ± 9.2

20.9 ± 10.2

-2.8 ± 8.6**

-1.9 ± 10.5*

-1 (-2.8;0.9)

-0.09

Beer (serving/month)

23.1 ± 26.5

29.4 ± 30.4

0.2 ± 21.3

-2 ± 20.6

1.01 (-4.0;6.0)

0.11

Wine (serving/month)

26 ± 24.9

24.7 ± 23.4

-0.8 ± 17.5

-0.3 ± 15.5

-0.47 (-4.5;3.6)

-0.03

Sugar in tea (cubes/cup)

0.5 ± 0.6

0.6 ± 0.6

-0.2 ± 0.6**

-0.3 ± 0.6**

0.08 (-0.03;0.2)

0.18

Sugar in coffee (cubes/cup)

0.5 ± 0.8

0.5 ± 0.7

-0.1 ± 0.5

-0.1 ± 0.7

0 (-0.1;0.1)

-0.05

Milk in coffee (cubes/cup)

0.6 ± 0.6

0.5 ± 0.6

0 ± 0.9

0.1 ± 0.9

-0.08 (-2.0;0.1)

-0.10

B)

Baseline

Follow-up at 24 months

 
   

Change

Treatment effect †

d ‡

 

intervention

control

intervention

control

  

Number

174

178

153

155

  

Daily routine PAa (min/wk)

286 ± 264

244 ± 212

92.8 ± 354.6*

122.6 ± 273.2**

-9.92 (-73.6;53.8)

-0.09

Recreation/sport PAa (min/wk)

270 ± 423

250 ± 321

74.5 ± 499.6

23.4 ± 310.7

70.24 (5.6;134.9)

0.12

Σ household activities (0-6)

2.5 ± 1.3

2.4 ± 1.4

0.9 ± 1.3**

1.2 ± 1.5**

-0.29 (-0.5;0.0)

-0.19

PASEa

116.3 ± 64.4

122.4 ± 68.3

22.6 ± 67.5**

19.0 ± 64.9*

-1.27 (-11.6;9.7)

0.05

Fruit & vegetable (g/MJ)

31.2 ± 16.8

32 ± 16.4

4.6 ± 17.9*

0.5 ± 17

2.99 (-0.5;6.5)

0.24

Fat intake (en%)

34.5 ± 5.4

33.7 ± 5.2

-1 ± 5.7*

0.1 ± 4.9

-0.5 (-1.5;0.5)

-0.20

Energy intake (MJ/day)

9.5 ± 2.1

9.8 ± 2.2

-0.8 ± 1.9**

-0.8 ± 2.2**

-0.04 (-0.5;0.4)

-0.01

Sliced meat (serving/month)

39.7 ± 28.1

39.7 ± 29.9

-3.6 ± 28.4

-6.1 ± 26.6*

1.88 (-3.2;7.0)

0.09

Meat (serving/month)

20.5 ± 9.2

20.9 ± 10.2

-1.5 ± 9.3*

-1.3 ± 8.8

-0.36 (-2.3;1.6)

-0.03

Beer (serving/month)

23.1 ± 26.5

29.4 ± 30.4

-1.8 ± 19.9

-3.7 ± 23

-0.52 (-5.4;4.4)

0.09

Wine (serving/month)

26 ± 24.9

24.7 ± 23.4

-0.3 ± 20.5

0.7 ± 18.6

-0.60 (-4.6;3.4)

-0.05

Sugar in tea (cubes/cup)

0.5 ± 0.6

0.6 ± 0.6

-0.3 ± 0.6**

-0.3 ± 0.7**

0 (-0.1;0.1)

0.02

Sugar in coffee (cubes/cup)

0.5 ± 0.8

0.5 ± 0.7

-0.1 ± 0.5*

-0.1 ± 0.7

0 (-0.1;0.1)

-0.06

Milk in coffee (cubes/cup)

0.6 ± 0.6

0.5 ± 0.6

0 ± 0.5

0.0 ± 0.4

-0.02 (-0.1;0.1)

-0.08

  1. aPhysical Activity (Scale for the Elderly). Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation unless stated otherwise. *p < 0.05 and *p < 0.0001 for within-group-changes. † Estimates for treatment effect (95% confidence interval) reflect the between-group-difference and are adjusted for baseline measurements and cluster randomisation. ‡ Cohen's d. Small: d = 0.33; Medium: 0.33 <d < 0.55; Large: d = 0.56.