Table 3 COVID-19 Health Belief Model constructs

Perceived susceptibility:

 There is high probability I will catch COVID-19

278

52.3

220

41.4

34

6.4

 I feel I will catch COVID-19 in the future

186

35.0

289

54.3

57

10.7

 I feel my possibility of getting COVID-19 is higher than other people

120

22.6

243

45.7

169

31.8

 My family members are at risk of catching COVID-19

278

52.3

191

35.9

63

11.8

 I don't care about COVID-19 and I practice my usual daily activities

62

11.7

68

12.8

402

75.6

Perceived severity:

 Thinking of the probability of catching COVID-19 scares me

322

60.5

116

21.8

94

17.7

Perceived barriers:

 Regular hand washing with water and soap is not convenient for me

60

11.3

49

9.2

423

79.5

 Regular hand washing with soap and water is time consuming

27

5.1

32

6.0

473

88.9

 Preventive measures for COVID-19 are difficult to apply in daily life

141

26.5

74

13.9

317

59.6

 Hand washing using soap and water or using alcohol cost me lot of money

139

26.1

91

17.1

302

56.8

 I don’t feel comfortable wearing mask to prevent catching COVID-19

323

60.7

68

12.8

141

26.5

 Always wearing mask when going out cost me lot of money

195

36.7

99

18.6

238

44.7

 It is difficult to stay at home and not going out unless it is mandatory

201

37.8

84

15.8

247

46.4

Perceived benefits:

 If I wash my hands regularly with soap and water I will not catch COVID-19

201

37.8

225

42.3

106

19.9

 When I follow ministry of health COVID-19 recommendations I will decrease my chances of catching the disease

439

82.5

75

14.1

18

3.4

 When I follow ministry of health COVID-19 recommendations I will help to decrease dissemination of infection

482

90.6

39

7.3

11

2.1

 When I wear mask outside home I will not catch COVID-19

373

70.1

126

23.7

33

6.2

 If I stay home and not going out unless it is I will not catch COVID-19

426

80.1

75

14.1

31

5.8

Cues to Action:

 I search for new information about COVID-19 to update my information about the disease

360

67.7

89

16.7

83

15.6

 When I receive new information about COVID-19 from TV or radio or internet I stop and think about it

398

74.8

84

15.8

50

9.4

Perceived self-efficacy:

 I am able to recognize symptoms of COVID-19

358

67.3

115

21.6

59

11.1

 I am able to follow ministry of health COVID-19 preventive measures recommendations on a daily basis

417

78.4

83

15.6

32

6.0

 I can wash my hands with soap and water regularly

479

90.0

38

7.1

15

2.8

 I can obtain required medical care when I feel symptoms of COVID-19

213

40.0

181

34.0

138

25.9

 I can wear mask when I go outside home

464

87.2

33

6.2

35

6.6

 I can search for new information about COVID-19 by myself

423

79.5

71

13.3

38

7.1