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  1. In 2014 the Danish Government introduced a wide-ranging school reform that applies to all public schools in Denmark. The reform involves changes in several aspects of the school structure and content. In a phy...

    Authors: Natascha Holbæk Pedersen, Sofie Koch, Kristian Traberg Larsen, Peter Lund Kristensen, Jens Troelsen, Niels Christian Møller, Jan Christian Brønd, Jacob von Bornemann Hjelmborg, Søren Brage and Anders Grøntved
    Citation: BMC Public Health 2018 18:1245
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  2. Sexual minority young adults represent a high-risk population for tobacco use. This study examined cigarette and alternative tobacco product (ATP) use prevalence across sexual orientation (heterosexual, gay/le...

    Authors: Jingjing Li, Regine Haardörfer, Milkie Vu, Michael Windle and Carla J. Berg
    Citation: BMC Public Health 2018 18:1244
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  3. It has been highlighted, that the original article [1] contained errors in Fig. 1. On the 3rd level, the first box should read “Records with any required information = 157” and the second box should read “Reco...

    Authors: Priscilla Dunyo, Kofi Effah and Emilia Asuquo Udofia
    Citation: BMC Public Health 2018 18:1243
    Content type: Correction Published on:

    The original article was published in BMC Public Health 2018 18:1156

  4. According to the Juvenile Protection Act in Korea, no one is allowed to sell, rent, or distribute tobacco products to adolescents. Furthermore, the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control Article 16 prohibits ...

    Authors: Seo Young Kang, Jung Ah. Lee and Hong-Jun Cho
    Citation: BMC Public Health 2018 18:1242
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  5. Food habits are important to promote and maintain good health throughout life, and unhealthy diet is a modifiable and preventable risk factor. University students are a key group of adults among whom to promot...

    Authors: Roberto Martinez-Lacoba, Isabel Pardo-Garcia, Elisa Amo-Saus and Francisco Escribano-Sotos
    Citation: BMC Public Health 2018 18:1241
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  6. Despite reports that Southeast Asia has one of the highest prevalence for childhood exposure to second hand smoke (SHS), there are limited data on SHS exposure among schoolchildren in individual countries in t...

    Authors: A. M. A. A. P. Alagiyawanna, Esther Queenie Veerasingam and Nick Townsend
    Citation: BMC Public Health 2018 18:1240
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  7. A task force of the International Association for the Study of Pain (IASP) has developed a classification of chronic pain for the ICD-11 consisting of seven major categories. The objective was to test whether ...

    Authors: Antonia Barke, Beatrice Korwisi, Hans-Raimund Casser, Egil A. Fors, Christian Geber, Stephan A. Schug, Audun Stubhaug, Takahiro Ushida, Thomas Wetterling, Winfried Rief and Rolf-Detlef Treede
    Citation: BMC Public Health 2018 18:1239
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  8. Non-communicable diseases and unintentional injuries are emerging public health problems in sub-Saharan Africa. These threats have multiple risk factors with complex interactions. Though some studies have expl...

    Authors: Tilahun Nigatu Haregu, Frederick M Wekesah, Shukri F Mohamed, Martin K Mutua, Gershim Asiki and Catherine Kyobutungi
    Citation: BMC Public Health 2018 18(Suppl 3):1225
    Content type: Research Published on:

    This article is part of a Supplement: Volume 18 Supplement 3

  10. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), in 2015, over 1.1 billion people smoked tobacco, which represents around 15% of the global population. In Africa, around one in five adults smoke tobacco. The ...

    Authors: Christine Ngaruiya, Hussein Abubakar, Dorcas Kiptui, Ann Kendagor, Melau W Ntakuka, Philip Nyakundi and Gladwell Gathecha
    Citation: BMC Public Health 2018 18(Suppl 3):1223
    Content type: Research Published on:

    This article is part of a Supplement: Volume 18 Supplement 3

  11. Injuries are becoming an increasingly important public health challenge globally, and are responsible for 9% of deaths. Beyond their impact on health and well-being, fatal and non-fatal injuries also affect so...

    Authors: Gladwell Koku Gathecha, Christine Ngaruiya, Wilfred Mwai, Ann Kendagor, Scholastica Owondo, Loise Nyanjau, Duncan Kibogong, Wilson Odero and Joseph Kibachio
    Citation: BMC Public Health 2018 18(Suppl 3):1222
    Content type: Research Published on:

    This article is part of a Supplement: Volume 18 Supplement 3

  12. Cervical cancer is a major public health concern in Kenya. It is the leading cause of cancer morbidity and mortality among women. Although screening is an effective prevention method, uptake is low among eligi...

    Authors: Anne Ng’ang’a, Mary Nyangasi, Nancy G Nkonge, Eunice Gathitu, Joseph Kibachio, Peter Gichangi, Richard G Wamai and Catherine Kyobutungi
    Citation: BMC Public Health 2018 18(Suppl 3):1221
    Content type: Research Published on:

    This article is part of a Supplement: Volume 18 Supplement 3

  13. Non-communicable diseases (NCDs), are increasing globally, causing about 60% of disability-adjusted life years and 39.8 million deaths in 2015. Risk factors often cluster and interact multiplicatively in an in...

    Authors: Frederick M Wekesah, Loise Nyanjau, Joseph Kibachio, Martin K Mutua, Shukri F Mohamed, Diederick E Grobbee, Kerstin Klipstein-Grobusch, Christine Ngaruiya, Tilahun N Haregu, Gershim Asiki and Catherine K Kyobutungi
    Citation: BMC Public Health 2018 18(Suppl 3):1220
    Content type: Research Published on:

    This article is part of a Supplement: Volume 18 Supplement 3

  14. Hypertension is the most important risk factor for cardiovascular diseases and the leading cause of death worldwide. Despite growing evidence that the prevalence of hypertension is rising in sub-Saharan Africa...

    Authors: Shukri F. Mohamed, Martin K. Mutua, Richard Wamai, Frederick Wekesah, Tilahun Haregu, Pamela Juma, Loise Nyanjau, Catherine Kyobutungi and Elijah Ogola
    Citation: BMC Public Health 2018 18(Suppl 3):1219
    Content type: Research Published on:

    This article is part of a Supplement: Volume 18 Supplement 3

  15. Burden of non-communicable diseases (NCD) is increasing worldwide. Risk factor surveillance informs public health interventions in NCD control. This study describes the dietary risk factors for NCD found in th...

    Authors: Valerian Mwenda, Martin Mwangi, Loise Nyanjau, Muthoni Gichu, Catherine Kyobutungi and Joseph Kibachio
    Citation: BMC Public Health 2018 18(Suppl 3):1218
    Content type: Research Published on:

    This article is part of a Supplement: Volume 18 Supplement 3

  16. Physical inactivity accounts for more than 3 million deaths worldwide, and is implicated in causing 6% of coronary heart diseases, 7% of diabetes, and 10% of colon or breast cancer. Globally, research has show...

    Authors: Muthoni Gichu, Gershim Asiki, Pamela Juma, Joseph Kibachio, Catherine Kyobutungi and Elijah Ogola
    Citation: BMC Public Health 2018 18(Suppl 3):1217
    Content type: Research Published on:

    This article is part of a Supplement: Volume 18 Supplement 3

  17. Globally, alcohol consumption contributes to 3.3 million deaths and 5.1% of Disability Adjusted Life Years (DALYs), and its use is linked with more than 200 disease and injury conditions. Our study assessed th...

    Authors: Anne Kendagor, Gladwell Gathecha, Melau W Ntakuka, Philip Nyakundi, Samuel Gathere, Dorcas Kiptui, Hussein Abubakar, Oren Ombiro, Pamela Juma and Christine Ngaruiya
    Citation: BMC Public Health 2018 18(Suppl 3):1216
    Content type: Research Published on:

    This article is part of a Supplement: Volume 18 Supplement 3

  18. Diabetes Mellitus is one of the four major non-communicable diseases causing about 4 million deaths in 2017. By 2040, low income countries are projected to experience 92% increase in mortality due to diabetes....

    Authors: Shukri F Mohamed, Martin Mwangi, Martin K Mutua, Joseph Kibachio, Abubakar Hussein, Zachary Ndegwa, Scholastica Owondo, Gershim Asiki and Catherine Kyobutungi
    Citation: BMC Public Health 2018 18(Suppl 3):1215
    Content type: Research Published on:

    This article is part of a Supplement: Volume 18 Supplement 3

  19. Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) is among the leading causes of developmental and intellectual disabilities in individuals. Although efforts are being made toward the prevention and management of FASD in...

    Authors: Babatope O. Adebiyi, Ferdinand C. Mukumbang, Lizahn G. Cloete and Anna-Marie Beytell
    Citation: BMC Public Health 2018 18:1238
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  20. Maternal mortality remains a tragedy and a key determinant for child survival. There is increasing evidence that the hazard ratio of demising for young children escalates after the death of their mothers, but ...

    Authors: Boikhutso Tlou, Benn Sartorius and Frank Tanser
    Citation: BMC Public Health 2018 18:1237
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  21. The aim was to analyse participation trajectories in organised breast and cervical cancer screening programmes and the association between socioeconomic variables and participation.

    Authors: Maria Michela Gianino, Jacopo Lenzi, Marco Bonaudo, Maria Pia Fantini, Roberta Siliquini, Walter Ricciardi and Gianfranco Damiani
    Citation: BMC Public Health 2018 18:1236
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  22. In China, antiretroviral therapy (ART) clinics focus on treating people living with HIV and are not required to undertake testing of high-risk populations. To improve partner testing among MSM, we implemented ...

    Authors: Yuting Lian, Yan Zhao, Joyce Wang, Cynthia Shi, Kerong Wang, Xia Wang, Guohui Wu, Hongxia Wei, Xiaoli Wei, Yan Luo, Min Zhao and Zunyou Wu
    Citation: BMC Public Health 2018 18:1235
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  23. Knowledge of HIV status remains below target in sub-Saharan Africa, especially among men and adolescents. HIV self-testing (HIVST) is a novel approach that enables unique distribution strategies, with potentia...

    Authors: Melissa Neuman, Pitchaya Indravudh, Richard Chilongosi, Marc d’Elbée, Nicola Desmond, Katherine Fielding, Bernadette Hensen, Cheryl Johnson, Phillip Mkandawire, Alwyn Mwinga, Mutinta Nalubamba, Gertrude Ncube, Lot Nyirenda, Rose Nyrienda, Eveline Otte im Kampe, Miriam Taegtmeyer…
    Citation: BMC Public Health 2018 18:1234
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  25. Several studies have shown positive associations between higher WBC count and deaths from all-causes, CHD, stroke and cancer among occidental populations or developed countries of Asia. No study on the associa...

    Authors: Tao Wang, Chao Qiang Jiang, Lin Xu, Wei Sen Zhang, Feng Zhu, Ya Li Jin, G. Neil Thomas, Kar Keung Cheng and Tai Hing Lam
    Citation: BMC Public Health 2018 18:1232
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  26. Long-distance truck drivers in Africa are particularly at risk of HIV acquisition and offering self-testing could help increase testing coverage in this hard-to-reach population. The aims of this study are two...

    Authors: Michael Strauss, Gavin George, Joanne E. Mantell, Matthew L. Romo, Eva Mwai, Eston N. Nyaga, Jacob O. Odhiambo, Kaymarlin Govender and Elizabeth A. Kelvin
    Citation: BMC Public Health 2018 18:1231
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  27. People 65 years or older are at greater risk of serious complications from the seasonal influenza compared with young. To promote elderly people’s behavioral compliance toward influenza prevention, the aim of ...

    Authors: Chun-Qing Zhang, Ru Zhang, Pak-Kwong Chung, Yanping Duan, Joseph Tak fai Lau, Derwin King Chung Chan and Martin S. Hagger
    Citation: BMC Public Health 2018 18:1230
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  28. Previous studies in various countries have found that informal childcare (provided by relatives, friends etc.) was associated with an increased risk of obesity in children aged 0–5 years. However, no qualitati...

    Authors: Eleanor Diana Lidgate, Bai Li and Antje Lindenmeyer
    Citation: BMC Public Health 2018 18:1229
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  29. Labour-market marginalisation (LMM) and common mental disorders (CMDs) are serious societal problems. The aims were to describe trajectories of LMM (both work disability and unemployment) among young adults wi...

    Authors: Magnus Helgesson, Petter Tinghög, Mo Wang, Syed Rahman, Fredrik Saboonchi and Ellenor Mittendorfer-Rutz
    Citation: BMC Public Health 2018 18:1228
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  30. Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) is a preventable, lifelong neurodevelopmental disorder caused by prenatal alcohol exposure. FASD negatively impacts individual Indigenous communities around the world. Al...

    Authors: Martyn Symons, Rebecca Anne Pedruzzi, Kaashifah Bruce and Elizabeth Milne
    Citation: BMC Public Health 2018 18:1227
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  31. Smoking is one of the leading preventable causes of illness and premature death worldwide. Despite a variety of effective treatments, relapse rates remain high, and novel, innovative interventions are needed i...

    Authors: Petra K. Staiger, Melissa J. Hayden, Karen Guo, Laura K. Hughes, Jason Bos and Natalia S. Lawrence
    Citation: BMC Public Health 2018 18:1226
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  32. Participation in voluntary work may be associated with individual and societal benefits. Because of these benefits and as a result of challenges faced by governments related to population ageing, voluntary wor...

    Authors: Jacobien Niebuur, Lidy van Lente, Aart C. Liefbroer, Nardi Steverink and Nynke Smidt
    Citation: BMC Public Health 2018 18:1213
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  33. There is a major need for longitudinal research examining the experiences of people with dementia and their primary carers, as relatively little is known about how the factors associated with capability to ‘li...

    Authors: Barbora Silarova, Sharon M. Nelis, Rosalie M. Ashworth, Clive Ballard, Marta Bieńkiewicz, Catherine Henderson, Alexandra Hillman, John V. Hindle, Julian C. Hughes, Ruth A. Lamont, Rachael Litherland, Ian R. Jones, Roy W. Jones, Martin Knapp, Piers Kotting, Anthony Martyr…
    Citation: BMC Public Health 2018 18:1214
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  34. Colorectal cancer (CRC) screening is widely recommended. Earlier research showed that the general public are positive about CRC screening, as too the eligible CRC screening population. Among the eligible CRC s...

    Authors: Linda N. Douma, Ellen Uiters and Danielle R. M. Timmermans
    Citation: BMC Public Health 2018 18:1212
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  35. Maternal perceived stress has been discussed to contribute to the development of childhood overweight. Our aim was to investigate the longitudinal relationship of early maternal perceived stress and BMI z-scor...

    Authors: Beate Leppert, Kristin M. Junge, Stefan Röder, Michael Borte, Gabriele I. Stangl, Rosalind J. Wright, Anja Hilbert, Irina Lehmann and Saskia Trump
    Citation: BMC Public Health 2018 18:1211
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  36. Excess screen media use is a robust predictor of childhood obesity. Understanding how household factors may affect children’s screen use is needed to tailor effective intervention efforts. The preschool years ...

    Authors: Jennifer A. Emond, Lucy K. Tantum, Diane Gilbert-Diamond, Sunny Jung Kim, Reina K. Lansigan and Sara Benjamin Neelon
    Citation: BMC Public Health 2018 18:1210
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  37. Despite their potential health and social benefits, adoption and use of improved cookstoves has been low throughout much of the world. Explanations for low adoption rates of these technologies include prices that...

    Authors: Katherine L. Dickinson, Maxwell Dalaba, Zachary S. Brown, Rex Alirigia, Evan R. Coffey, Elise Mesenbring, Manies Achazanaga, Desmond Agao, Moro Ali, Ernest Kanyomse, Julius Awaregya, Clifford Amoah Adagenera, John Bosco A. Aburiya, Bernard Gubilla, Abraham Rexford Oduro and Michael P. Hannigan
    Citation: BMC Public Health 2018 18:1209
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  38. Work-related musculoskeletal problems impact everyday function, working ability, and quality of life. Unaddressed musculoskeletal problems can lead to major injury and loss of function, contributing to partici...

    Authors: Stefania Penkala, Hannan El-Debal and Kristy Coxon
    Citation: BMC Public Health 2018 18:1208
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  39. Grand multiparity and low contraceptive prevalence are dominant among Nigerian women. These elevate the risk of unintended pregnancies, high-risk fertility and adverse maternal and child health outcomes among ...

    Authors: Bola Lukman Solanke, Olufunmilola Olufunmilayo Banjo, Bosede Odunola Oyinloye and Soladoye Sunday Asa
    Citation: BMC Public Health 2018 18:1207
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  40. Malaria incidence has been steadily declining in Cambodia, where the government is aiming to eliminate malaria by 2025. Successful malaria elimination requires active engagement and participation of communitie...

    Authors: Junko Yasuoka, Kimiyo Kikuchi, Keiko Nanishi, Po Ly, Boukheng Thavrin, Tsutomu Omatsu and Tetsuya Mizutani
    Citation: BMC Public Health 2018 18:1206
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  41. The associations of famine exposure with diabetes risk in adulthood are still unclear. This study aimed to explore the association between famine exposure in early life and risk of diabetes in adulthood.

    Authors: Zhenghe Wang, Zhiyong Zou, Zhongping Yang, Yanhui Dong, Jieyun Song, Bin Dong, Jun Ma and Luke Arnold
    Citation: BMC Public Health 2018 18:1205
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  42. Despite a decline in the number of new HIV infections in the UK overall, the number and proportion of new HIV diagnoses in people aged ≥50 years continues to increase. People aged ≥50 years are disproportionat...

    Authors: Elaney Youssef, Juliet Wright, Valerie Delpech, Kevin Davies, Alison Brown, Vanessa Cooper, Memory Sachikonye and Richard de Visser
    Citation: BMC Public Health 2018 18:1204
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  43. Parents play an important role in the lives of adolescents and efforts aimed at strengthening parenting skills and increasing knowledge on adolescent development hold much promise to prevent and mitigate adole...

    Authors: Joanna Ting Wai Chu, Robyn Whittaker, Yannan Jiang, Angela Wadham, Karolina Stasiak, Matthew Shepherd and Chris Bullen
    Citation: BMC Public Health 2018 18:1203
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  44. Over 60% of households (HHs) in Trinidad and Tobago (T&T) consume alcohol. These HHs were more likely to report illnesses, relationship problems, and behavioral problems with children. This study set out to de...

    Authors: Rohan G. Maharaj, Terence Babwah, M. Shastri Motilal, Paula Nunes, Rachel Brathwaite, George Legall and Sandra D. Reid
    Citation: BMC Public Health 2018 18:1202
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  45. A growing group of emerging adults in many countries around the globe are not incorporated into the education system or the labor market; these have received the label “NEET: not in education, employment nor t...

    Authors: Raúl A. Gutiérrez-García, Corina Benjet, Guilherme Borges, Enrique Méndez Ríos and María Elena Medina-Mora
    Citation: BMC Public Health 2018 18:1201
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  46. Brazil is an endemic country for schistosomiasis in the Latin American and Caribbean countries. Pernambuco is a higher-endemic Brazilian state among the 19 states reporting the disease in the country; schistos...

    Authors: Luiz Augusto Facchini, Bruno Pereira Nunes, Eronildo Felisberto, José Alexandre Menezes da Silva, Jarbas Barbosa da Silva Junior and Elaine Tomasi
    Citation: BMC Public Health 2018 18:1200
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  47. This study examined the construct validity and internal consistency of modified versions of the job autonomy and control, job pressure, work contact, work-family conflict, psychological distress, and sleep pro...

    Authors: Paul Bowen, Rajen Govender and Peter Edwards
    Citation: BMC Public Health 2018 18:1199
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  48. Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander men experience worse health outcomes and are the most marginalized and disadvantaged population group in Australia. Primary health care services are critical to providing ...

    Authors: Kootsy Canuto, Alex Brown, Gary Wittert and Stephen Harfield
    Citation: BMC Public Health 2018 18:1198
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  49. Despite its well-known benefits for health and well-being physical activity levels are insufficient and declining with age in Germany. Physical activity promotion programs for older adults are often not succes...

    Authors: Karin Bammann, Carina Drell, Lena Lotte Lübs and Imke Stalling
    Citation: BMC Public Health 2018 18:1197
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  50. Obesity and overweight are related to changes in blood pressure, but existing research has mainly focused on the impact of body mass index (BMI) on short-term blood pressure variability (BPV). The study aimed ...

    Authors: Haojia Chen, Ruiying Zhang, Qiongbing Zheng, Xiuzhu Yan, Shouling Wu and Youren Chen
    Citation: BMC Public Health 2018 18:1193
    Content type: Research article Published on:
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