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Table 2 Longitudinal analysis of determinants of depressive symptoms among employed people aged 45 years and older in China, 2011–18

From: Association of depressive symptoms with retirement in Chinese employees: evidence from national longitudinal surveys from 2011 to 2018

Variables

Adjusted odds ratio (95% CI)

Model 1

Model 2

Model 3

Retired

No

1.00 (ref)

1.00 (ref)

1.00 (ref)

Yes

1.62 (1.23, 2.14)

***

1.52 (1.15, 1.99)

**

1.5 (1.14, 1.97)

**

Age (years)

45to49

1.00 (ref)

1.00 (ref)

1.00 (ref)

 

50to54

1.32 (0.98, 1.77)

1.2 (0.89, 1.61)

1.22 (0.91, 1.64)

55to59

1.35 (0.97, 1.89)

1.16 (0.83, 1.63)

1.18 (0.85, 1.66)

60to64

1.62 (1.11, 2.35)

*

1.32 (0.91, 1.91)

1.32 (0.91, 1.91)

65plus

1.68 (1.09, 2.59)

*

1.32 (0.86, 2.04)

1.33 (0.86, 2.04)

Gender

Female

1.00 (ref)

1.00 (ref)

1.00 (ref)

Male

0.44 (0.33, 0.59)

***

0.44 (0.33, 0.59)

***

0.45 (0.34, 0.59)

***

Education level

Primary school and below

1.00 (ref)

1.00 (ref)

1.00 (ref)

Secondary school and above

0.55 (0.41, 0.74)

***

0.57 (0.43, 0.75)

***

0.58 (0.44, 0.77)

***

Marital status

Married

1.00 (ref)

1.00 (ref)

1.00 (ref)

Unmarried and others

1.73 (1.27, 2.35)

***

1.79 (1.32, 2.43)

***

1.74 (1.28, 2.35)

***

Residence

Urban

1.00 (ref)

1.00 (ref)

1.00 (ref)

Rural

1.33 (0.99, 1.78)

1.36 (1.02, 1.81)

*

1.27 (0.96, 1.69)

Socioeconomic status

Q1 (lowest)

1.00 (ref)

1.00 (ref)

1.00 (ref)

Q2

0.79 (0.55, 1.14)

0.81 (0.57, 1.16)

0.79 (0.56, 1.13)

Q3

0.77 (0.53, 1.13)

0.74 (0.51, 1.07)

0.76 (0.52, 1.09)

Q4 (highest)

0.67 (0.46, 0.99)

*

0.64 (0.44, 0.93)

*

0.66 (0.45, 0.96)

*

Employment type

Agricultural

1.00 (ref)

1.00 (ref)

1.00 (ref)

Non-agricultural

0.51 (0.37, 0.71)

***

0.52 (0.38, 0.72)

***

0.5 (0.37, 0.69)

***

Chronic disease

No

 

1.00 (ref)

1.00 (ref)

Yes

 

2.44 (1.89, 3.15)

***

2.46 (1.91, 3.18)

***

Participant in social activities

No

  

1.00 (ref)

Yes

  

0.76 (0.62, 0.92)

**

Weekly Contact with Children

No

  

1.00 (ref)

Yes

  

0.78 (0.57, 1.07)

  1. Model:1 Adjusted age, gender, education level, marital status, residence and socioeconomic status; Model 2: Model 1 plus adjustment for chronic disease; Model 3: Model 2 plus adjustment for participation in social activities and contact with children
  2. *:P < 0.05; **: P < 0.01; ***:P < 0.001