Risk of fracture according to temporal changes of low body weight changes in adults over 40 years: a nationwide population-based cohort study

Table 2 The risk of fracture according to temporal changes in body mass index changes using Cox regression analysis

Low body weight changes^a	No. of fracture	IR^b	Unadjusted			Model 1			Model 2			Model 3
Low body weight changes^a	No. of fracture	IR^b	HR	95% CI	p-Value	HR	95% CI	p-Value	HR	95% CI	p-Value	HR	95% CI	p-Value
N to N	125,834	12.38	1		< 0.0001	1		< 0.0001	1		< 0.0001	1		< 0.0001
N to L	1,353	17.72	1.435	1.360 – 1.514		1.202	1.139 – 1.268		1.187	1.125 – 1.252		1.193	1.131 – 1.259
L to N	1,097	14.46	1.168	1.101 – 1.240		1.118	1.053 – 1.186		1.107	1.044 – 1.175		1.114	1.050 – 1.183
L to L	1,937	15.63	1.264	1.208 – 1.322		1.171	1.120 – 1.225		1.156	1.105 – 1.209		1.165	1.113 – 1.218

Model 1 was adjusted by age, and sex
Model 2 was adjusted by age, sex, and other environmental factors such as smoking status, alcohol consumption, regular exercise, low income
Model 3 was fully adjusted by age, sex, other environmental factors (smoking status, alcohol consumption, regular exercise, low income), and comorbidities (diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, chronic kidney disease)
No Number, IR Incidence rate, HR Hazard ratio, 95% CI 95% confidence interval, N Non-low body weight (body mass index ≥ 18.5 kg/m²), L Low body weight (body mass index < 18.5 kg/m²)
^aTemporal changes of low body weight status (first to 3^rd health screening) are divided into four groups: non-low body weight to non-low body weight, non-low body weight to low body weight, low body weight to non-low body weight, and low body weight to low body weight
^bIncidence rate is defined as incidence rate per 1,000 person-year

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