Table 1 Characteristics of participants by categories of circadian syndrome: NHANES 2007-2018a
Variables | All (n = 4,603) | Groups | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Non-circadian syndrome (n = 3,044) | Circadian syndrome (n = 1,559) | |||
Age (years, mean ± SD) | 50.64 ± 16.62 | 46.30 ± 15.60 | 61.65 ± 13.79 | < 0.001 |
20–34 (%) | 20.21 | 26.74 | 3.64 | |
35–49 (%) | 27.56 | 31.91 | 16.52 | |
50–64 (%) | 28.61 | 26.50 | 33.98 | |
≥ 65 (%) | 23.61 | 14.85 | 45.86 | |
PIR (mean ± SD) | 3.09 ± 1.64 | 3.14 ± 1.63 | 2.94 ± 1.64 | < 0.001 |
≤ 1.3 (%) | 19.11 | 18.54 | 20.56 | |
> 1.3 and ≤ 3.5 (%) | 32.57 | 31.79 | 34.54 | |
> 3.5 (%) | 41.71 | 43.58 | 36.99 | |
Missing (%) | 6.61 | 6.09 | 7.92 | |
BMI (kg/m2, mean ± SD) | 27.42 ± 1.40 | 27.32 ± 1.39 | 27.66 ± 1.38 | < 0.001 |
HEI-2015 (mean ± SD) | 51.26 ± 13.60 | 51.01 ± 13.83 | 51.92 ± 12.98 | 0.044 |
Energy (kcal, mean ± SD) | 2181.62 ± 947.31 | 2250.03 ± 958.65 | 2005.12 ± 893.55 | < 0.001 |
Kidney stones (%) | < 0.001 | |||
No | 89.80 | 91.50 | 85.50 | |
Yes | 10.02 | 8.50 | 14.50 | |
Gender (%) | 0.001 | |||
Male | 57.79 | 59.26 | 54.07 | |
Female | 42.21 | 40.74 | 45.93 | |
Education (%) | < 0.001 | |||
Less than 9th grade | 6.31 | 5.38 | 8.67 | |
9-11th grade | 10.05 | 8.80 | 13.21 | |
High school graduate | 22.78 | 21.46 | 26.16 | |
Some college | 29.80 | 30.19 | 28.79 | |
College graduate or above | 31.06 | 34.17 | 23.17 | |
Race (%) | < 0.001 | |||
Mexican American | 9.37 | 10.41 | 6.72 | |
Other Hispanic | 6.58 | 6.93 | 5.69 | |
Non-Hispanic white | 68.42 | 67.13 | 71.71 | |
Non-Hispanic black | 8.85 | 9.07 | 8.29 | |
Other races | 6.78 | 6.45 | 7.59 | |
Marital (%) | < 0.001 | |||
Married | 59.25 | 58.36 | 61.52 | |
Widowed | 6.27 | 3.74 | 12.71 | |
Divorced | 10.71 | 9.96 | 12.61 | |
Separated | 1.94 | 1.98 | 1.85 | |
Never married | 13.85 | 16.85 | 6.23 | |
Living with partner | 7.97 | 9.11 | 5.08 | |
Gout (%) | < 0.001 | |||
No | 96.24 | 97.71 | 92.51 | |
Yes | 3.76 | 2.29 | 7.49 | |
Cancer (%) | < 0.001 | |||
No | 89.06 | 92.21 | 81.06 | |
Yes | 10.94 | 7.79 | 18.94 | |
Smoking (%) | < 0.001 | |||
Never | 53.19 | 55.68 | 46.86 | |
Former | 29.12 | 26.78 | 35.05 | |
Now | 17.69 | 17.53 | 18.09 | |
Alcohol (%) | < 0.001 | |||
No | 16.84 | 15.13 | 21.17 | |
Yes | 66.94 | 69.26 | 61.03 | |
Missing | 16.22 | 15.60 | 17.80 | |
Stroke (%) | < 0.001 | |||
No | 96.98 | 98.32 | 93.60 | |
Yes | 3.02 | 1.68 | 6.40 | |
Vigorous activity (%) | 0.076 | |||
No | 77.05 | 76.36 | 78.80 | |
Yes | 22.95 | 23.64 | 21.20 | |
Moderate activity (%) | 0.010 | |||
No | 57.88 | 56.69 | 60.88 | |
Yes | 42.12 | 43.31 | 39.12 | |