Table 5 Multivariable logistic regression model showing the odds ratios, Millennium Cohort Study, UK 2000–2018 (n = 1,271)

Ethnicity

White

1

1

South Asian

1.26 (0.32, 4.94)

1.25 (0.26, 5.98)

Black & Other

4.69 (0.95, 23.1)

0.55 (0.09, 3.32)

Maternal BMI

Healthy weight

1

1

Underweight

3.44 (1.13, 10.5)*

1.57 (0.32, 7.66)

Overweight/Obese

0.38 (0.14, 1.06)

0.56 (0.15, 2.13)

Paternal BMI ^a

Healthy Weight

1

1

Underweight

22.2 (2.35, 209.6)**

-

Overweight/Obese

0.73 (0.32, 1.67)

0.20 (0.07, 0.56)**

Birthweight

Healthy birthweight

1

1

Low birthweight

0.31 (0.07, 1.41)

4.13 (0.77, 22.0)

High birthweight

0.75(0.19, 2.95)

0.82 (0.14, 4.72)

Breastfeeding

Breastfed less than 3 months

1

1

Breastfed for over 3 months

0.91 (0.41, 2.03)

1.36 (0.53, 3.52)

Planned Pregnancy

Planning to get pregnant

1

1

Pregnancy was a surprise

2.49 (1.11, 5.57)*

0.46 (0.14, 1.56)

Maternal Education

NVQ Level 4 & 5

1

1

NVQ Level 3

1.26 (0.38, 4.13)

0.19 (0.02, 0.53)

NVQ Level 2

1.30 (0.50, 3.38)

0.48(0.14, 1.60)

NVQ Level 1

1.11 (0.19, 6.37)

0.31 (0.04, 2.22)

No educational qualification

1.34 (0.29, 6.26)

0.05 (0.00, 065)*

Income

Highest quintile

1

1

Fourth quintile

0.96 (0.25, 3.67)

4.09 (0.95, 17.5)

Third quintile

0.61 (0.16, 2.39)

4.63 (0.95, 22.6)

Second quintile

0.60 (0.13, 2.84)

0.33 (0.05, 2.29)

Lowest quintile

3.25 (1.06, 9.91)

11.4 (0.90, 142.7)

Self-esteem

Healthy self-esteem

1

1

Low self-esteem

6.57 (1.46, 29.7)*

3.02 (0.81, 11.3)

Physical Activity

Met Recommended Physical Activity Levels

1

1

Below Recommended Physical Activity Levels

1.13 (0.52, 2.72)

4.22 (1.82, 9.75)**