Table 3 Relationship between having abnormal glycemic level and the studied variables among the participants
| Â | Glycemic level N (%) | Statistical Test (P-value) | ||
Normal (n = 527) | Abnormal (n = 192) | |||
Age (years) | Min-Max | 18–88 | 18–85 | t = -8.614* p < 0.001 |
|  | Mean ± SD | 36.64 ± 13.73 | 46.85 ± 14.95 | |
Gender | Male (n = 221) | 169 (76.5) | 52 (23.5) | χ2  = 1.643 p = 0.2 |
|  | Female (n = 498) | 358 (71.9) | 140 (28.1) | |
Education level | Illiterate / Write and read (n = 200) | 129 (64.5) | 71 (35.5) | χ2 = 17.323* p = 0.001 |
|  | Low (primary and preparatory) (n = 47) | 37 (78.7) | 10 (21.3) | |
|  | Middle (secondary and technical diploma) (n = 288) | 232 (80.6) | 56 (19.4) | |
|  | High (university) (n = 184) | 129 (70.1) | 55 (29.9) | |
Residence | Urban (n = 235) | 161 (68.5) | 74 (31.5) | χ2  = 4.085* p = 0.043 |
|  | Rural (n = 484) | 366 (75.6) | 118 (24.4) | |
Smoking | No (n = 635) | 460 (72.4) | 175 (27.6) | χ2  = 2.031 p = 0.154 |
|  | Yes (n = 84) | 67 (79.8) | 17 (20.2) | |
Physical activity | Physically inactive < 2.5 h / week (n = 284) | 176 (62.0) | 108 (38.0) | χ2 = 30.756* p < 0.001 |
|  | Physically active ≥ 2.5 h / week (n = 435) | 351 (80.7) | 84 (19.3) | |
Eating fruits or vegetables | Not on daily basis (n = 216) | 149 (69.0) | 67 (31.0) | χ2 = 2.937 p = 0.087 |
On daily basis (n = 503) | 378 (75.1) | 125 (24.9) | ||
History of abnormal glycemic level | No (n = 667) | 521 (78.1) | 146 (21.9) | χ2 = 109.228* p < 0.001 |
Yes (n = 52) | 6 (11.5) | 46 (88.5) | ||
History of abnormal lipid profile | No (n = 697) | 514 (73.7) | 183 (26.3) | χ2 = 2.34 p = 0.126 |
Yes (n = 22) | 13 (59.1) | 9 (40.9) | ||
History of hypertension | No (n = 630) | 483 (76.7) | 147 (23.3) | χ2 = 29.539* p < 0.001 |
Yes (n = 89) | 44 (49.4) | 45 (50.6) | ||
Family history of diabetes | No (n = 429) | 336 (78.3) | 93 (21.7) | χ2 = 13.724* p < 0.001 |
Yes (n = 290) | 191 (65.9) | 99 (34.1) | ||
Waist circumference (cm) | Min-Max | 60–133 | 65–132 | t = -7.836* p < 0.001 |
Mean ± SD | 93.25 ± 12.11 | 101.4 ± 12.92 | ||
BMI | Normal weight (n = 154) | 133 (86.4) | 21 (13.6) | χ2 = 44.343* p < 0.001 |
|  | Over weight (n = 269) | 215 (79.9) | 54 (20.1) | |
|  | Obese (n = 296) | 179 (60.5) | 117 (39.5) | |