Table 1 Baseline characteristics of 26,786 participants aged 20 to 80 years from 2007–2018 NHANES.
Kidney stone | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
Characteristics | Overall | No | Yes | P value |
Number (n) | 26,786 | 24,208 | 2578 | |
Age | 50.12 ± 17.61 | 49.45 ± 17.65 | 56.41 ± 16.00 | < 0.001 |
Riboflavin intake a | 2.01 ± 1.07 | 2.01 ± 1.07 | 2.01 ± 0.99 | 0.177 |
Thiamine intake a | 1.57 ± 0.76 | 1.57 ± 0.77 | 1.56 ± 0.73 | 0.911 |
Calcium intake (mg) | 899.04 ± 588.70 | 900.57 ± 592.95 | 884.72 ± 547.16 | 0.035 |
Protein intake (gm) | 79.28 ± 34.77 | 79.46 ± 34.87 | 77.61 ± 33.69 | 0.322 |
Gender | < 0.001 | |||
Male | 12,761 (47.64%) | 11,335 (46.82%) | 1426 (55.31%) | |
Female | 14,025 (52.36%) | 12,873 (53.18%) | 1152 (44.69%) | |
Race | < 0.001 | |||
Non-Hispanic Black | 5816 (21.71%) | 5470 (22.60%) | 346 (13.42%) | |
Non-Hispanic White | 11,471 (42.82%) | 10,023 (41.40%) | 1448 (56.17%) | |
Hispanic/Mexican | 6584 (24.58%) | 5987 (24.73%) | 597 (23.16%) | |
Other Races | 2915 (10.88%) | 2728 (11.27%) | 187 (7.25%) | |
Education level | 0.731 | |||
≤ High school | 9925 (37.05%) | 8956 (37.00%) | 969 (37.59%) | |
> High school | 16,835 (62.85%) | 15,227 (62.90%) | 1608 (62.37%) | |
Missing | 26 (0.10%) | 25 (0.10%) | 1 (0.04%) | |
Family income-to-poverty ratio | 0.197 | |||
< 1.3 | 7663 (31.31%) | 6937 (31.39%) | 726 (30.56%) | |
≥ 1.3, < 3.5 | 9278 (37.91%) | 8345 (37.77%) | 933 (39.27%) | |
≥ 3.5 | 7532 (30.78%) | 6815 (30.84%) | 717 (30.18%) | |
BMI (kg/m 2 ) | < 0.001 | |||
< 20 | 1144 (4.31%) | 1083 (4.52%) | 61 (2.39%) | |
≥ 20, < 25 | 6192 (23.35%) | 5756 (24.02%) | 436 (17.11%) | |
≥ 25, < 30 | 8684 (32.75%) | 7821 (32.64%) | 863 (33.87%) | |
≥ 30 | 10,493 (39.58%) | 9305 (38.83%) | 1188 (46.62%) | |
Smoking history | 0.005 | |||
Non-smoker | 14,958 (55.84%) | 13,690 (56.55%) | 1268 (49.19%) | |
Smoker | 11,816 (44.11%) | 10,506 (43.40%) | 1310 (50.81%) | |
Missing | 12 (0.04%) | 12 (0.05%) | 0 (0.00%) | |
Alcohol drinking history (drinks/week) | < 0.001 | |||
< 1 | 14,291 (53.35%) | 12,721 (52.55%) | 1570 (60.90%) | |
1–3 | 5145 (19.21%) | 4774 (19.72%) | 371 (14.39%) | |
≥ 4 | 2443 (9.12%) | 2229 (9.21%) | 214 (8.30%) | |
Missing | 4907 (18.32%) | 4484 (18.52%) | 423 (16.41%) | |
Recreational activity | < 0.001 | |||
None | 14,018 (52.33%) | 12,491 (51.60%) | 1527 (59.23%) | |
Moderate | 7002 (26.14%) | 6329 (26.14%) | 673 (26.11%) | |
Vigorous | 5766 (21.53%) | 5388 (22.26%) | 378 (14.66%) | |
Diabetes mellitus | < 0.001 | |||
No | 21,340 (79.67%) | 19,544 (80.73%) | 1796 (69.67%) | |
Yes | 5144 (19.20%) | 4374 (18.07%) | 770 (29.87%) | |
Missing | 302 (1.13%) | 290 (1.20%) | 12 (0.47%) | |
Hypertension | < 0.001 | |||
No | 15,068 (56.25%) | 13,980 (57.75%) | 1088 (42.20%) | |
Yes | 11,718 (43.75%) | 10,228 (42.25%) | 1490 (57.80%) | |
Coronary heart disease | < 0.001 | |||
No | 25,557 (95.41%) | 23,216 (95.90%) | 2341 (90.81%) | |
Yes | 1138 (4.25%) | 918 (3.79%) | 220 (8.53%) | |
Missing | 91 (0.34%) | 74 (0.31%) | 17 (0.66%) | |
Gout history | < 0.001 | |||
No | 25,451 (95.02%) | 23,216 (95.90%) | 2341 (90.81%) | |
Yes | 1314 (4.91%) | 918 (3.79%) | 220 (8.53%) | |
Missing | 21 (0.08%) | 74 (0.31%) | 17 (0.66%) | |
Kidney stone | ||||
No | 24,208 (90.38%) | — | — | |
Yes | 2578 (9.62%) | — | — | |