From: Third-child fertility intention and its socioeconomic factors among women aged 20–34 years in China
All | Third-child fertility intention | Difference test | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
No | Yes | |||
(1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | |
N | 61,588 | 58,656 | 2932 | |
% | \({\chi }^{2}\)test | |||
Marital status | 537.115*** | |||
Married | 60.75 | 59.83 | 83.46 | |
Unmarried | 39.25 | 40.17 | 16.54 | |
Ethnicity | 718.225*** | |||
Ethnic minority | 11.87 | 11.17 | 29.26 | |
Han ethnic group | 88.13 | 88.83 | 70.74 | |
Migration status | 157.445*** | |||
Migrant population | 20.55 | 20.96 | 10.38 | |
Non-migrant population | 79.45 | 79.04 | 89.62 | |
Residence area | 659.325*** | |||
Rural | 49.79 | 48.75 | 75.55 | |
Urban | 50.21 | 51.25 | 24.45 | |
Education level | 1300.131*** | |||
Primary school and below | 7.51 | 6.94 | 21.58 | |
Junior secondary school | 32.35 | 3.17 | 48.41 | |
Senior or technical secondary school | 20.86 | 21.03 | 16.72 | |
College and above | 39.28 | 40.33 | 13.33 | |
Spouse’s education levela | 1149.076*** | |||
Elementary school and below | 4.91 | 4.58 | 13.02 | |
Junior high school | 27.08 | 26.28 | 4.69 | |
Senior or technical secondary school | 12.86 | 12.73 | 16.03 | |
College and above | 55.15 | 56.41 | 24.05 | |
Employment status | 957.701*** | |||
Agricultural employment | 14.98 | 14.35 | 30.62 | |
Non-agricultural employment | 51.02 | 51.97 | 27.43 | |
Homemaking | 21.21 | 20.66 | 34.86 | |
Others | 12.79 | 13.02 | 7.09 | |
Spouse’s employment statusa | 810.270*** | |||
Agricultural employment | 11.05 | 10.42 | 26.57 | |
Non-agricultural employment | 45.27 | 45.07 | 50.08 | |
Homemaking | 0.38 | 0.37 | 0.77 | |
Others | 43.30 | 44.14 | 43.30 | |
Homeownership | 844.489*** | |||
Rented | 27.29 | 27.76 | 15.62 | |
Self-built | 45.25 | 44.09 | 74.05 | |
Purchased | 27.46 | 28.15 | 10.33 | |
Annual individual incomeb | 709.938*** | |||
10,000 yuan and below | 24.92 | 23.80 | 55.40 | |
10,001–25,000 yuan | 23.08 | 23.28 | 17.45 | |
25,001–40,000 yuan | 27.06 | 27.51 | 14.60 | |
Above 40,000 yuan | 24.95 | 25.40 | 12.56 | |
Occupation typeb | 1073.301*** | |||
Agricultural production and related industry personnel | 18.02 | 16.79 | 51.95 | |
Clerks and related personnel | 14.46 | 14.82 | 4.48 | |
Business and service personnel | 37.59 | 38.00 | 26.24 | |
Production and transportation equipment operators | 9.90 | 9.95 | 8.43 | |
Professional and technical personnel | 17.25 | 17.59 | 7.93 | |
In charge of state agencies, enterprises, and institutions | 2.79 | 2.85 | 0.98 | |
Having a sonc | 292.871*** | |||
No | 32.31 | 31.39 | 47.93 | |
Yes | 67.69 | 68.61 | 52.07 | |
Received free folic acidd | ||||
No | 45.08 | 45.45 | 40.13 | 6.092** |
Yes | 54.92 | 54.55 | 59.87 | |
Mean (s.d.) | t-test | |||
Age | 29.62 (3.33) | 29.68 (3.31) | 28.62 (3.55) | 0.42*** |
Spouse’s agea | 31.83 (4.41) | 31.88 (4.40) | 30.93 (4.48) | 1.06*** |
Number of siblings | 2.10 (1.03) | 2.07 (1.00) | 2.69 (1.33) | -0.75*** |
Proportion of reimbursement of childbirth costsd | 38.97 (28.56) | 38.65 (28.38) | 43.19 (30.51) | -0.037*** |
Actual cost of childcare servicese | 18.41 (21.49) | 18.26 (21.04) | 20.84 (27.73) | -0.022*** |
Acceptable cost of childcare servicese | 15.35 (16.40) | 15.24 (16.02) | 17.08 (21.71) | -0.008** |