Table 1 Basic characteristics of study participants in the Khánh Hòa Cardiovascular Study, Vietnam (2019–2020)
Variables | Whole participants | Leisure time PA | Occupational PA | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
No | Yes | Low | Middle | High | ||
N | 3000 | 2000 | 1000 | 1151 | 900 | 949 |
Age, years (mean [SD]) | 49.9 [5.5] | 49.6 [5.5] | 50.4 [5.5] | 50.4 [5.6] | 50.0 [5.4] | 49.2 [5.5] |
Female, n (%) | 1840 (61.3) | 1221 (61.1) | 619 (61.9) | 775 (67.3) | 541 (60.1) | 524 (55.2) |
Married/Cohabiting, n (%) | 2691 (89.7) | 1786 (89.3) | 905 (90.5) | 1021 (88.7) | 814 (90.4) | 856 (90.2) |
Education, n (%) | ||||||
Less than primary school | 352 (11.7) | 279 (14.0) | 73 (7.3) | 118 (10.3) | 116 (12.9) | 118 (12.4) |
Primary school | 863 (28.8) | 659 (33.0) | 204 (20.4) | 313 (27.2) | 290 (32.2) | 260 (27.4) |
Secondary school | 1068 (35.6) | 725 (36.3) | 343 (34.3) | 375 (32.6) | 311 (34.6) | 382 (40.3) |
High school and higher | 717 (23.9) | 337 (16.9) | 380 (38.0) | 345 (30.0) | 183 (20.3) | 189 (19.9) |
Employment, n (%) | ||||||
Government employee | 295 (9.8) | 122 (6.1) | 173 (17.3) | 142 (12.3) | 76 (8.4) | 77 (8.1) |
Non-Government employee | 483 (16.1) | 362 (18.1) | 121 (12.1) | 115 (10.0) | 126 (14.0) | 242 (25.5) |
Self-employed | 595 (19.8) | 395 (19.8) | 200 (20.0) | 238 (20.7) | 145 (16.1) | 212 (22.3) |
Farmer/Fisher | 870 (29.0) | 666 (33.3) | 204 (20.4) | 249 (21.6) | 336 (37.3) | 285 (30.0) |
Homemaker | 527 (17.6) | 337 (16.9) | 190 (19.0) | 275 (23.9) | 166 (18.4) | 86 (9.1) |
Others | 111 (3.7) | 71 (3.6) | 40 (4.0) | 50 (4.3) | 28 (3.1) | 33 (3.5) |
Unemployed/retired | 119 (4.0) | 47 (2.4) | 72 (7.2) | 82 (7.1) | 23 (2.6) | 14 (1.5) |
Equivalized Income, n (%) | ||||||
Low | 1002 (33.4) | 722 (36.1) | 280 (28.0) | 380 (33.0) | 295 (32.8) | 327 (34.5) |
Middle | 1045 (34.8) | 719 (36.0) | 326 (32.6) | 390 (33.9) | 319 (35.4) | 336 (35.4) |
High | 920 (30.7) | 536 (26.8) | 384 (38.4) | 372 (32.3) | 272 (30.2) | 276 (29.1) |
Missing | 33 (1.1) | 23 (1.2) | 10 (1.0) | 9 (0.8) | 14 (1.6) | 10 (1.1) |
Smoking, n (%) | ||||||
Never smoking | 2036 (67.9) | 1350 (67.5) | 686 (68.6) | 844 (73.3) | 604 (67.1) | 588 (62.0) |
Former smoking | 350 (11.7) | 196 (9.8) | 154 (15.4) | 118 (10.2) | 108 (12.0) | 124 (13.1) |
Current smoking | 614 (20.5) | 454 (22.7) | 160 (16.0) | 189 (16.4) | 188 (20.9) | 237 (25.0) |
Alcohol consumption (standard drink), n (%) | ||||||
0 | 2114 (70.5) | 1431 (71.6) | 683 (68.3) | 865 (75.2) | 637 (70.8) | 612 (64.5) |
0.1–0.9 | 416 (13.9) | 253 (12.7) | 163 (16.3) | 128 (11.1) | 126 (14.0) | 162 (17.1) |
1-1.9 | 201 (6.7) | 125 (6.3) | 76 (7.6) | 69 (6.0) | 59 (6.6) | 73 (7.7) |
≥2 | 269 (9.0) | 191 (9.6) | 78 (7.8) | 89 (7.7) | 78 (8.7) | 102 (10.7) |
Body mass index (kg/m2), n (%) | ||||||
<18.5 | 139 (4.6) | 104 (5.2) | 35 (3.5) | 52 (4.5) | 47 (5.2) | 40 (4.2) |
18.5–22.9 | 1344 (44.5) | 949 (47.5) | 395 (39.5) | 476 (41.4) | 403 (44.8) | 465 (49.0) |
23.0-24.9 | 739 (24.6) | 463 (23.2) | 276 (27.6) | 297 (25.8) | 218 (24.2) | 224 (23.6) |
≥25.0 | 778 (25.9) | 484 (24.2) | 294 (29.4) | 326 (28.3) | 232 (25.8) | 220 (23.2) |
Total occupational MET-hour/week [SD] | 135.7 [110.7] | 139.2 [114.3] | 128.8 [102.8] | 31.4 [33.3] | 134.1 [25.0] | 263.7 [85.0] |
Total leisure-time MET-hour/week [SD] | 6.1 [13.7] | 0 [0] | 18.2 [18.6] | 7.0 [15.2] | 5.8 [11.2] | 5.2 [13.9] |
Systolic blood pressure, mean [SD] | 130.9 [19.1] | 130.6 [19.1] | 131.6 [19.1] | 131.5 [18.9] | 131.0 [19.9] | 130.1 [18.5] |
Diastolic blood pressure, mean [SD] | 83.9 [12.1] | 83.8 [12.2] | 84.1 [12.0] | 84.1 [12.1] | 84.5 [12.3] | 83.9 [12.0] |
Antihypertensive medication, n (%) | 367 (12.2) | 203 (10.2) | 164 (16.4) | 168 (14.6) | 107 (11.9) | 92 (9.7) |
Diabetes | 307 (10.2) | 189 (9.5) | 118 (11.8) | 140 (12.2) | 90 (10.0) | 77 (8.1) |
Dyslipidemia | 1352 (45.1) | 865 (43.3) | 487 (48.7) | 532 (46.2) | 423 (47.0) | 397 (41.8) |
Previous diagnosis of serious diseases (cancer or diseases of circulatory system), n (%) | 175 (5.8) | 102 (5.1) | 73 (7.3) | 82 (7.1) | 44 (4.9) | 49 (5.2) |