Table 3 Differences between groups for HIV risk perception, attitude, social influence, self-efficacy and intention

Risk perception (Risk severity)

If I would contract HIV, this would be a serious health problem for me.

1.58

1.51

1.72

4.090

< 0.05

If I would contract HIV, I would have serious social problems.

1.59

1.54

1.67

1.430

0.233

If I would contract HIV, I would suffer from serious psychological distress.

1.51

1.46

1.59

1.022

0.313

Risk perception (Risk susceptibility)

How likely that you will get HIV infection if you practice unprotected vaginal intercourse.

0.45

0.30

0.72

6.883

< 0.01

How likely that you will get HIV infection if you practice unprotected anal intercourse.

0.43

0.18

0.88

18.294

< 0.001

Attitude (pros condom use) If I use condoms during sexual intercourse:

I will be protected against HIV and other STIs

1.24

1.23

1.26

0.102

0.750

This will indicate that I care about my partner`s health.

1.15

1.18

1.11

0.268

0.605

I don’t have to worry about pregnancy

1.32

1.37

1.21

1.707

0.193

This will help me to have more sexual partners.

− 0.05

− 0.14

0.12

2.557

0.111

It will delay ejaculation and let me enjoy sex

0.66

0.63

0.72

0.517

0.473

Attitude (cons condom use) If I use condoms during sexual intercourse:

This will indicate that I do not trust my partner.

− 0.42

− 0.32

− 0.61

2.737

0.100

It will decrease sexual pleasure

0.22

0.77

− 0.80

114.946

< 0.001

I will have health problems due to semen stagnation

0.13

0.23

− 0.05

3.573

0.060

I will become sex addicted

0.47

0.62

0.18

9.182

< 0.01

It will feel unnatural to me

− 0.51

− 0.43

− 0.66

1.923

0.167

Social influence (Peer norm)

Most of my friends believe that I should use condoms during sexual intercourse.

0.27

0.16

0.47

3.507

0.062

Most of my sexual partners believe that I should use condoms during sexual intercourse

− 0.08

− 0.18

0.12

3.780

0.053

Social influence (Peer support & modelling)

Most of my friends support me to use condoms during sexual intercourse

0.18

− 0.05

0.62

15.652

< 0.001

Most of my sexual partners support me to use condoms during sexual intercourse

− 0.16

− 0.38

0.25

15.986

< 0.001

How many of your friends use condoms during sexual intercourse?

− 0.15

− 0.30

0.12

8.282

< 0.01

Social influence (Others influence)

My parents believe that I should use condoms during sexual intercourse

0.32

0.30

0.36

0.113

0.737

Health professionals believe that I should use condoms during sexual intercourse

0.85

0.73

1.09

9.676

< 0.01

Religious scholars believe that I should use condoms during sexual intercourse.

0.41

0.27

0.67

7.209

< 0.01

My parents support me to use condoms during sexual intercourse.

0.37

0.32

0.45

0.702

0.403

Health professionals support me to use condoms during sexual intercourse.

0.85

0.68

1.16

15.771

< 0.001

Religious scholars support me to use condoms during sexual intercourse.

0.39

0.25

0.64

7.429

< 0.01

Self-efficacy

I would find it difficult to use condoms if my sexual partners refuse it.

− 0.76

− 0.91

− 0.47

9.325

< 0.01

I would find it difficult to use condoms in case of high sexual arousal.

− 0.38

− 0.65

0.13

23.447

< 0.001

I would find it difficult to use condoms because it is difficult for me to get it.

− 0.50

− 0.68

− 0.17

10.180

< 0.01

I would find it difficult to use condoms when I feel that it reduces pleasure.

− 0.44

− 0.63

− 0.09

11.651

< 0.01

I would find it difficult to use condoms with my steady partner.

− 0.64

− 0.72

− 0.48

2.019

0.157

I would find it difficult to use condoms since I do not know how to use it properly.

0.27

0.06

0.66

16.490

< 0.001

Intentions

I have the intention to use condoms during the next sexual intercourse

0.93

0.80

1.17

8.763

< 0.01

I have the intention to use condoms consistently during future sexual intercourse

0.86

0.73

1.11

9.002

< 0.01

I have the intention to discuss condoms use with my sexual partner the next time I have sex

1.06

0.89

1.38

16.771

< 0.001