Table 3 Sedentary behavior results from the scoping review (n = 8)
First Author, Year | Sedentary Behavior Assessment Method | Sedentary Behavior Definitions Used | Sedentary Behavior Before Lockdown | Sedentary Behavior During and or Following Lockdown | Change Reported | Summary |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Children/Adolescents | ||||||
 Almugti, 2021 [38] | Parent-reported questionnaire modified by expert panel | How much time their child spent viewing digital screens, including TV, tablets, and phones; categories based on Canadian 24-Hour Movement Guidelines for Children and Youth: <  = 2 h/day of screen time | Use of screens ≤ 2 h/day 37%, > 2 h/day 63% | Use of screens ≤ 2 h/day 13%, > 2 h/day 87% | difference p = 0.001 | Increased screen time |
 Hanbazaza, 2021 [44] | Parent-reported questionnaire | How long child played video games and watched TV per day; categorized as >  = 3 h/day playing video games (considered high) and >  = 4 h/day watching TV (considered high) | Playing video games >  = 3 h/day 40.4%; watching TV >  = 4 h/day 21.1% | Playing video games >  = 3 h/day 75.4%; watching TV >  = 4 h/day 43.6% | Significant increases (p-values < 0.001) in proportions that were playing video games >  = 3 h/day and were watching TV >  = 4 h/day | Increased video game time, Increased TV time |
Adults | ||||||
 Abd El-Fatah, 2021 [31] | IPAQ-SF | Routine sitting in the day as no change, positive change, or negative change | Daily sitting: 1–2 h/day 20.4%, 3–4 h/day 27%, 5–6 h/day 21.5%, More than 6 h/day 31.1%, | Daily sitting: 1–2 h/day 12.9%, 3–4 h/day 13.8%, 5–6 h/day 18.2%, More than 6 h/day 55.1%, | Daily sitting in h/day: No change 45.5%, Decrease 8.3%, Increase 46.2% | Increased sitting time |
 Abdulsalam, 2021 [33] | Questionnaire translated, tested, and validated by experts at the university | Time spent in front of the computer, mobile devices, television, etc |  < 1 h/day 9.1%, 1–2 h/day 24.2%, 3–4 h/day 33.1%, 5–6 h/day 21.2%, > 6 h/day 12.5% |  < 1 h/day 4.7%, 1–2 h/day 7.6%, 3–4 h/day 20.3%, 5–6 h/day 31.1%, > 6 h/day 36.2% | Significant increase (e.g., before 12.5% spent > 6 h/day, but during the pandemic it became the most prevalent category (36.2%) | Increased screen time |
 Al-Musharaf, 2021 [36] | GPAQ Arabic version | Continuous min/day sitting or reclining | Mean 451.4 (SD 242.1) min/day | Mean 484.9 (SD 257.2) min/day | Test for difference p = 0.07 | Increase sitting time |
 Jalal, 2021 [45] | GPAQ | Continuous min/day sitting or reclining | Mean 448.7 (SD 73.6) min/day | Mean 517.8 (SD 83.0) min/day | Differences in min/day p = 0.0001 | Increased sitting time |
 Šagát, 2020 [47] | Questionnaire | Asked to categorize their physical behavior at their job/occupation | Occupation: sitting always or most of the time 30.5%, sitting and moving equally 27.9%, moving always or most of the time 42.4% | Occupation: sitting always or most of the time 50.9%, sitting and moving equally 24.2%, moving always or most of the time 24.9% | Significant differences in proportions "sitting always or most of the time" (p < 0.001; increase) and "moving always or most of the time" (p < 0.001; decrease) during their job/occupation | Increased sitting time at work |
 Sultan, 2021 [48] | Questionnaire tested for reliability | Daily screen time categorized as < 1 h/day, 1–3 h/day, 4–5 h/day, or ≥ 6 h/day |  < 1 h/day 13.4%, 1–3 h/day 48.7%, 4–5 h/day 23.1%, ≥ 6 h/day 14.8% |  < 1 h/day 7.1%, 1–3 h/day 29.4%, 4–5 h/day 28.2%, ≥ 6 h/day 35.3% | Increases in proportions with ≥ 6 h/day of screen time and of social media time (p ≤ 0.001 for both) | Increased screen time |