Table 1 Characteristics at baseline and follow-up by Han people and Ethnic minorities

Baseline

Age, years

44.02 ± 14.95

44.33 ± 15.08

43.49 ± 14.72

0.053

Male

2,425 (47.57)

1,492 (46.80)

933 (48.90)

0.147

Urban

1,796 (35.24)

1,607 (50.41)

189 (9.91)

< 0.001

Education

< 0.001

Illiteracy

1,036 (20.33)

602 (18.89)

434 (22.75)

Primary

1,734 (34.03)

1,013 (31.78)

721 (37.79)

Secondary

2,050 (40.23)

1,366 (42.85)

684 (35.85)

Collage and above

276 (5.42)

207 (6.49)

69 (3.62)

Married

4,099 (80.44)

2,608 (81.81)

1,491 (78.15)

0.001

Smoking

1,480 (29.04)

1,002 (31.43)

478 (25.05)

< 0.001

Drinking

1,694 (33.24)

980 (30.74)

714 (37.42)

< 0.001

Energy intake, kcal/d

2,112.09 ± 855.57

2,030.76 ± 826.38

2,247.98 ± 885.94

< 0.001

Physical activity

< 0.001

Low

1,289 (25.29)

743 (23.31)

546 (28.62)

Moderate

1,126 (22.10)

790 (24.78)

336 (17.61)

High

2,681 (52.61)

1,655 (51.91)

1,026 (53.77)

Sedentary duration, h

4.09 ± 2.25

4.28 ± 2.31

3.77 ± 2.10

< 0.001

Sleep duration, h

7.88 ± 1.14

7.79 ± 1.17

8.05 ± 1.07

< 0.001

BMI, kg/m²

22.86 ± 3.10

22.99 ± 3.11

22.64 ± 3.06

< 0.001

WC, cm

76.74 ± 9.27

77.33 ± 9.33

75.77 ± 9.08

< 0.001

Follow up

Sleep duration, h

7.64 ± 1.48

7.58 ± 1.55

7.74 ± 1.34

< 0.001

BMI, kg/m²

23.51 ± 3.25

23.68 ± 3.28

23.21 ± 3.18

< 0.001

WC, cm

82.43 ± 9.31

83.29 ± 9.33

81.00 ± 9.10

< 0.001

Change from baseline to follow up

Δ Sleep duration, h

-0.25 ± 1.75

-0.21 ± 1.18

-0.31 ± 1.63

0.049

Δ BMI, kg/m²

0.64 ± 3.37

0.69 ± 3.45

0.57 ± 3.24

0.207

Δ WC, cm

5.69 ± 10.33

5.96 ± 10.45

5.23 ± 10.13

0.013