Fig. 3

Cross-lagged path analysis of sleep duration with BMI and WC in the Han people (A) and Ethnic minorities (B) by sex groups, adjusted for age, place of residence, education levels, marital status, smoking status, alcohol consumption, dietary energy intake, physical activity, sedentary behavior, and follow-up years; β₁ represents cross-lagged path coefficients from baseline sleep duration to follow-up BMI or WC; β₂ represents from baseline BMI or WC to follow-up sleep duration; r₁ and r₂ represent tracking correlations; r₃ represent synchronous correlations; R² represents variance explained. Goodness-of-fit (A, Han people, BMI, male): CFI = 1, RMR = 0.004; Goodness-of-fit (A, Han people, BMI, female): CFI = 1, RMR = 0.003; Goodness-of-fit (A, Han people, WC, male): CFI = 0.989, RMR = 0.014; Goodness-of-fit (A, Han people, WC, female): CFI = 1, RMR = 0.006; Goodness-of-fit (B, Ethnic minorities, BMI, male): CFI = 1, RMR = 0.009; Goodness-of-fit (B, Ethnic minorities, BMI, female): CFI = 1, RMR = 0.003; Goodness-of-fit (B, Ethnic minorities, WC, male): CFI = 1, RMR = 0.007; Goodness-of-fit (B, Ethnic minorities, WC, female): CFI = 0.998, RMR = 0.011. The cross-lagged path coefficients are presented as β (lower 95% CI, upper 95% CI). ^*P ≤ 0.05, ^**P ≤ 0.01, ^***P ≤ 0.001