Table 2 Domains, themes, and definitions
Domains1 | Themes | Definitions |
|---|---|---|
Drivers & Facilitators | Fear of association with HIV | Fear of getting or being identified as having HIV |
Widespread community understanding of HIV and TB coinfection | ||
Fear of TB transmission | Fear of transmitting TB to others and/or getting TB | |
Stigma Marking | Verbal markers of TB leading to stigma | Gossip about TB status in the community and at clinic |
Desire for confidentiality when testing | ||
Visual markers of TB leading to stigma | Display of TB symptoms | |
Use of TB services at facilities | ||
Possession and use of medication | ||
Household visits by ward based outreach teams | ||
Manifestations | Anticipated Stigma | Low self esteem and self worth |
Discreditation of character & social undesirability | ||
Internalized Stigma | Application of anticipated stigma to self | |
Outcomes | Avoidance of stigma marking | Avoidance of clinic to avert visual and verbal stigma marking |
Rejection of ward based outreach teams to avert visual and verbal stigma marking | ||
Desire for education | Education on TB transmission and prevention | |
Education on stigma and how to communicate with people with TB |