Table 1 Characteristics of participants

Age, year^a

38.5(14.8)^13,14

39.2(10.7)^23,24

45.4 (8.1)³⁴

53.0(8.5)

 < 0.001

44.4(15.4)^13,14

44.9(10.4)^23,24

50.6(8.4)³⁴

58.1(8.6)

 < 0.001

Smoking status^c(Past or current)

7 (11.1)^13,14

14(5.3)

56(5.2)³⁴

43(3.0)

0.002

25(39.1)

130(49.4)

509(48.8)

674(48.8)

0.5

Education^c(Diploma and upper)

37(56.9)^13,14

126(46.7)^23,24

424(38.8)³⁴

409(28.8)

 < 0.001

29(44.6)

131(48.5)²⁴

501(45.8)³⁴

503(35.4)

 < 0.001

WHtR^a

0.56(0.10)¹⁴

0.57(0.07)^23,24

0.59(0.07)³⁴

0.64(0.08)

 < 0.001

0.55(0.08)

0.54(0.06)^23,24

0.56(0.06)³⁴

0.57(0.06)

 < 0.001

BMI ( kg/m²) ^a

27(5.7)^13,14

28.0(4.9)^23,24

29.1(4.8)³⁴

30.9(5.1)

 < 0.001

27.7(6.6)

26.8(4.3)

27.4(4.2)

27.2(4.1)

0. 1

Appropriate physical activity^c

13(20.3)^12,13

105(38.9)²⁴

372(34.2)³⁴

405(28.7)

 < 0.001

19(29.2)^13,14

91(34.5)^23,24

447(42.0)

571(42.7)

0.02

SBP(mmHg) ^a

113.8(15.1)¹⁴

110.4(14.4)²⁴

111.2(15.1)³⁴

119.8(18.8)

 < 0.001

123.0(20.0)

117.4(16.0)²⁴

119.2(16.1)³⁴

125.2(20.0)

 < 0.001

DBP(mmHg) ^a

75.4(8.9)

74.9(9.8)²⁴

75.7(9.2)³⁴

77.9(9.9)

 < 0.001

78.5(12.4)

79.1(10.1)

80.0(9.8)

80.0(11.0)

0.4

FBS (mg/dl) ^a

91.9(29.4)^14,24,34

92.9(17.7)

96.3(26.6)

107.7(39.7)

 < 0.001

103.2(30.5)

103.2(35.2)²⁴

104.7(34.1)³⁴

110.3(40.4)

0.001

TG (mg/dl) ^b

108(84–139)^13,14

112(78–163)^23,24

123(87.5–170)³⁴

140(101.5–188)

0.001

160(98–205)

156(107–209)

146(105–205)

142(103–197)

0.4

TC (mg/dl) ^a

195.2(48.2)

189.8(40.7)²⁴

196.5(40.4)

200.1(42.3)

0.001

192.4(44.7)

193.6(41.5)

192.6(40.4)

190.9(41.0)

0.6

LDL-C (mg/dl) ^a

121.9(36.5)

113.8(34.1)²⁴

118.9(34.1)

120.5(37.0)

0.04

118.8(40.9)

118.2(33.9)

117.5(34.1)

116.9(36.1)

0.9

HDL-C (mg/dl) ^a

48.9(12.7)

49.6(11.8)

49.8(11.9)³⁴

48.4(11.0)

0.03

41.0(11.3)

40.8(10.8)

41.8(9.8)

41.2(9.9)

0.3

Incidence HTN^c

15(23.1)¹⁴

59(21.8)²⁴

266(24.3)³⁴

654(46)

 < 0.001

20(30.8)¹⁴

75(27.8)^23,24

400(36.6)³⁴

687(48.3)

 < 0.001

Ever used blood pressure medication^c

6(9.2)¹⁴

22(8.2)²⁴

120(11.0)³⁴

352(24.9)

 < 0.001

11(16.9)

27(10.0)²⁴

143(13.1)³⁴

298(21.1)

 < 0.001