Table 1 Measurements included in the four time points of assessment
Variable | Component | Measurement tools/questions | Baseline | 12 months | 24 months | 9-Years |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Socio-demography | Age, sex, marital status, education, religion, occupation, household size, and monthly household expenditure | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |
Behavioral measures | Tobacco use | WHO STEPS questionnaire [32] | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
Alcohol use | WHO STEPS questionnaire [32] | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |
Physical activity | Global Physical Activity Questionnaire [33] | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |
Sedentary behavior | Sitting and screen time | X | X | X | ✓ | |
Sedentary behavior | Time spent in front of a screen [34] | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |
Diet | Food Frequency Questionnaire [35] | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | X | |
Diabetes knowledge | Barriers to healthy eating | Scale designed for trial | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
Barriers to PA | Adapted from Booth et al. [36] | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |
Self-efficacy | Adapted Schwarzer and Renner [37] | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |
Psychosocial measures | Depression | Patient Health Questionnaire-9 [38] | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
Stress | Chronic stress scale used in MESA study [39] | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |
Anxiety | General anxiety disorder scale [40] | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |
HRQoL | Short Form-36 [41] | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |
Social support | ENRICHD social support scale [42] | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |
Life satisfaction | Single question: Satisfaction with life | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |
Medical history | Medical history | CVD and diabetes-related medications | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
Family history | Updated family history of disease | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |
Multimorbidity | Adapted from the WHO SAGE questionnaire [43] | X | X | X | ✓ | |
Clinical measures | Anthropometry | Waist circumference (Seca measuring tape) | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
Height (Seca stadiometer) | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | X | ||
Weight and body composition (TANITA) | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ||
Bioimpedance (TANITA) | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ||
Blood pressure | Omron automatic blood pressure monitor | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |
Biochemical measures | Pathology | Glycaemic control (fasting plasma glucose) | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
Glycaemic control -OGTT | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | X | ||
Glycaemic control (HbA1c) | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ||
Lipid profile (TBC, HDL, LDL, triglycerides) | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ||
Serum creatinine | X | X | X | ✓ | ||
Urine albumin | X | X | X | ✓ | ||
Assessment of heart conditions | ECG | X | X | X | ✓ | |
Retinal microvasculature | Retinal imaging measures(Retinal architecture, arteriolar and venular diameters, and tortuosity) [44] | X | X | X | ✓ | |
Mortality | Status and self-reported causes of death | X | X | X | ✓ | |
Economic Evaluation | Healthcare utilization | Direct and indirect costs associated with outpatient and inpatient healthcare services, sources of financing, and time away from work due to ill health + SF-36 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
Community engagement | Sustainability | Sustainability – continued engagement in peer groups/activities; contacts with peer leaders; intention to continue engagement | X | X | X | ✓ |