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Table 8 Michigan Diabetes Knowledge Test of 386 patients with DM

From: The relationship between diabetes-related knowledge and kidney disease knowledge, attitudes, and practices: a cross-sectional study

Variable

Total: N = 386 (%)

Median knowledge score

[Q1-Q3]

Mean rank

P value

Age category (years)

    

< 55

160(41.5)

7(5–9)

200.70

0.283c

≥ 55

226 (58.5)

7(4–9)

188.40

Gender

    

Male

211(54.7)

7(5–9)

204.56

0.032 c

Female

175 (45.3)

6(4–8)

180.17

BMI category

    

Normal

84 (21.8)

6(4–8)

170.24

0.073d

Overweight

181 (46.9)

7(4–9)

196.24

Obese

121 (31.3)

7(5–9)

205.55

Residency

    

Refugee camp

32 (8.3)

6(4–7)

139.77

< 0.001 d

Village

119 (30.8)

6(4–8)

167.61

City

235 (60.9)

7(5–9)

213.93

Marital status

    

Married

291 (75.4)

7(5–9)

199.06

0.043 d

Widow

52 (13.5)

6(4–8)

162.93

Divorced

19 (4.9)

6(4–7)

157.32

Unmarried

24 (6.2)

7(6–9)

220.96

Educational level

    

No formal education

45 (11.7)

6(4–8)

157.10

< 0.001 d

Elementary school

99 (25.6)

6(4–8)

177.70

High school

137 (35.5)

6(4–8)

171.90

Collage/University

105 (27.2)

8(7–10)

252.18

Employment

    

Employed

227 (58.8)

7(5–9)

207.08

0.004 c

Unemployed

159 (41.2)

6(4–8)

174.12

Monthly income (NIS a )

    

Low (Less than 2000)

177 (45.9)

7(5–9)

196.02

< 0.001 d

Moderate (2000–5000)

160 (41.5)

7(5–9)

208.75

High (More than 5000)

49 (12.7)

4(4–7)

134.61

Smoking

    

Yes

165 (42.7)

7(4–9)

187.88

0.390c

No

221 (57.3)

7(5–9)

197.69

Duration of DM (years)

    

< 7

223 (57.8)

6(4–8)

175.6

< 0.001 c

≥ 7

163 (42.2)

7(6–9)

217.99

Number of oral medications for DM

    

Mon therapy

240 (62.2)

6(4–9)

179.63

0.003 d

Multi therapy

71 (18.4)

7(5–9)

204.99

No oral medications

75 (19.4)

8(6–9)

227.03

Use of insulin

    

Yes

240 (62.2)

6(4–8)

174.87

< 0.001 c

No

146 (37.8)

7(6–9)

224.13

Last HbA1c

    

< 7

71 (18.4)

7(6–10)

227.49

0.004 c

≥ 7

315 (81.6)

7(4–9)

185.84

Comorbidities

    

Yes

204 (52.8)

7(4–9)

196.27

0.602c

No

182 (47.2)

7(5–9)

190.36

Total number of chronic diseases (other than DM)

    

0

181 (46.9)

7(5–9)

190.36

0.031 d

1

110 (28.5)

7(5–9)

210.95

2

67 (17.4)

7(5–9)

194.76

≥ 3

28 (7.2)

5(3–8)

142.20

Total number of medications other than DM medications

    

< 4

303 (78.5)

7(4–9)

189.50

0.176c

≥ 4

83 (21.5)

7(5–9)

208.08

  1. Abbreviations: BMI: body mass index, NIS: New Israeli shekel, HbA1c: hemoglobin A1c, DM: diabetes mellitus
  2. A Knowledge scale contains 24 items (range 0–24, the higher the score, the better knowledge)
  3. b Cut-off level of significance was 0.05
  4. c Mann‒Whitney U test was used to detect statistical significance
  5. d Kruskal‒Wallis test was used to detect statistical significance
  6. e1 new Israeli shekel (NIS) equals 0.31 US Dollar