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Table 5 Association of socio-demographic and obstetric characteristics with ANC and DC, EDHS 2005

From: Spatiotemporal distribution and bivariate binary analysis of antenatal and delivery care utilizations in Ethiopia: EDHS 2000–2016

Variables

Categories

Weighted frequency (%)

Antenatal care Visit

Place of Delivery

Yes (%)

No (%)

X2-p value

Health facility (%)

Home (%)

X2-p value

Age

15–19

439(6.0)

49(5.5)

390(6.1)

0.000

26(5.2)

413(6.1)

0.000

20–24

1473(20.2)

233(26.2)

1240(19.3)

 

137(27.6)

1336(19.6)

 

25–29

1960(26.9)

256(28.8)

1704(26.6)

 

164(33.1)

1795(26.4)

 

30–34

1425(19.5)

182(20.5)

1243(19.4)

 

78(15.7)

1347(19.8)

 

35–39

1135(15.6)

92(10.3)

1043(16.3)

 

46(9.3)

1089(16.0)

 

40–44

576(7.9)

56(6.3)

520(8.1)

 

34(6.9)

542(8.0)

 

45–49

290(4.0)

21(2.4)

269(4.2)

 

11(2.2)

278(4.1)

 

Mother’s education

No education

5726(78.5)

453(51.0)

5273(82.3)

0.000

170(34.3)

5556(81.7)

0.000

Primary

1202(16.5)

203(22.8)

999(15.6)

 

126(25.4)

1077(15.8)

 

Secondary

328(4.5)

201(22.6)

127(2.0)

 

168(33.9)

160(2.4)

 

Higher

40(0.5)

32(3.6)

8(0.1)

 

32(6.5)

7(0.1)

 

Mother’s Occupation

Not working

5033(69.1)

522(59.0)

4511(70.5)

0.000

294(59.3)

4739(69.8)

0.000

Working

2254(30.9)

363(41.0)

1891(29.5)

 

202(40.7)

2052(30.2)

 

Husband education

No education

4295(59.3)

284(32.3)

4011(63.1)

0.000

104(21.2)

4190(62.1)

0.000

Primary

2107(29.1)

258(29.4)

1849(29.1)

 

121(24.7)

1986(29.4)

 

Secondary

736(10.2)

274(31.2)

462(7.3)

 

203(41.4)

534(7.9)

 

Higher

99(1.4)

62(7.1)

37(0.6)

 

62(12.7)

38(0.6)

 

Husband occupation

Not working

56(0.8)

20(2.3)

36(0.6)

0.000

5(1.0)

51(0.8)

0.508

Working

7187(99.2)

856(97.7)

6331(99.4)

 

482(99.0)

6705(99.2)

 

Household head

Male

6409(87.8)

710(79.9)

5699(88.9)

0.000

383(77.2)

6026(88.6)

0.000

Female

887(12.2)

179(20.1)

708(11.1)

 

113(22.8)

774(11.4)

 

Marital status

Unmarried

535(7.3)

88(9.9)

447(7.0)

0.002

61(12.3)

474(7.0)

0.000

Married

6761(92.7)

800(90.1)

5961(93.0)

 

435(87.7)

6326(93.0)

 

Religion

Orthodox

3259(44.7)

471(53.0)

2788(43.5)

0.000

297(60.0)

2962(43.6)

0.000

Catholic

75(1.0)

3(0.3)

72(1.1)

 

2(0.4)

73(1.1)

 

Protestant

1403()19.2

158(17.8)

1245(19.4)

 

93(18.8)

1311(19.3)

 

Muslim

2374(32.5)

247(27.8)

2127(33.2)

 

92(18.6)

2282(33.6)

 

Others

184(2.5)

9(1.0)

175(2.7)

 

11(2.2)

173(2.5)

 

Region

Tigray

480(6.6)

86(9.7)

394(6.1)

0.000

37(7.4)

443(6.5)

0.000

Afar

68(0.9)

5(0.6)

63(1.0)

 

3(0.6)

65(1.0)

 

Amhara

1856(25.4)

135(15.2)

1721(26.9)

 

78(15.7)

1777(26.1)

 

Oromo

2714(37.2)

274(30.9)

2440(38.1)

 

147(29.6)

2568(37.8)

 

Somalia

288(3.9)

13(1.5)

275(4.3)

 

19(3.8)

269(4.0)

 

Benishangul

68(0.9)

7(0.8)

61(1.0)

 

14(2.8)

54(0.8)

 

SNNP

1630(22.3)

245(27.6)

1385(21.6)

 

76(15.3)

1555(22.9)

 

Gambela

23(0.3)

6(0.7)

17(0.3)

 

5(1.0)

18(0.3)

 

Harari

15(0.2)

4(0.5)

11(0.2)

 

6(1.2)

9(0.1)

 

Addis Ababa

129(1.8)

104(11.7)

25(0.4)

 

104(20.9)

25(0.4)

 

Dire Dawa

24(0.3)

8(0.9)

16(0.2)

 

8(1.6)

17(0.3)

 

Residence

Urban

633(8.7)

346(38.9)

287(4.5)

0.000

292(59.0)

341(5.0)

0.000

Rural

6663(91.3)

543(61.1)

6120(95.5)

 

203(41.0)

6460(95.0)

 

Family size

1–3

907(12.4)

149(16.8)

758(11.8)

0.000

123(24.8)

784(11.5)

0.000

4–6

3637(49.8)

470(52.9)

3167(49.4)

 

246(49.6)

3390(49.9)

 

7 and above

2752(37.7)

269(30.3)

2483(38.7)

 

127(25.6)

2626(38.6)

 

Birth order

First

1190(16.3)

226(25.4)

964(15.0)

0.000

197(39.8)

992(14.6)

0.000

2–3

2087(28.6)

340(38.2)

1747(27.3)

 

171(34.5)

1915(28.2)

 

4–5

1692(23.2)

148(16.6)

1544(24.1)

 

58(11.7)

1634(24.0)

 

6 and above

2328(31.9)

175(19.7)

2153(33.6)

 

69(13.9)

2259(33.2)

 

Birth interval

 <  = 24

1264(20.7)

122(18.4)

1142(21.0)

0.001

55(18.5)

1209(20.8)

0.000

25–36

2001(32.8)

186(28.1)

1815(33.4)

 

70(23.6)

1930(33.2)

 

 >  = 37

2838(46.5)

354(53.5)

2484(45.7)

 

172(57.9)

2666(45.9)

 

Media exposure

No

4556(62.7)

305(34.5)

4251(66.6)

0.000

122(24.7)

4434(65.5)

0.000

Yes

2710(37.3)

580(65.5)

2130(33.4)

 

372(75.3)

2338(34.5)

 

Has mobile/Telephone

No

7147(98.0)

780(87.8)

6367(99.4)

0.000

396(80.0)

6751(99.3)

0.000

Yes

147(2.0)

108(12.2)

39(0.6)

 

99(20.0)

47(0.7)

 

Wealth index

Poor

3066(42.0)

156(17.6)

2910(45.4)

0.000

47(9.5)

3019(44.4)

0.000

Middle

1585(21.7)

135(15.2)

1450(22.6)

 

31(6.3)

1554(22.9)

 

Rich

2644(36.2)

596(67.2)

2048(32.0)

 

417(84.2)

2227(32.8)

 

Distance to health facility

Not big problem

4588(62.9)

671(75.6)

3917(61.1)

0.000

363(73.2)

4225(62.1)

0.000

Big problem

2707(37.1)

217(24.4)

2490(38.9)

 

133(26.8)

2575(37.9)