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Table 1 Basic characteristics of study participants, 2019–2020

From: Eating speed and abdominal adiposity in middle-aged adults: a cross-sectional study in Vietnam

Characteristics

All participants

(n = 3000)

Eating speed

 

Slow

(n = 502)

Normal

(n = 1425)

Fast

(n = 1073)

Age, mean [standard deviation]

48.7 [5.5]

49.3 [5.8]

48.8 [5.5]

48.3 [5.4]

Sex (men)

1160 (38.7)

154 (30.7)

535 (37.5)

471 (43.9)

Body mass index

    

18.5-

139 (4.6)

40 (8.0)

69 (4.8)

30 (2.8)

18.5–24.9

2083 (69.4)

364 (72.5)

1008 (70.7)

711 (66.3)

≥ 25

778 (25.9)

98 (19.5)

348 (24.4)

332 (30.9)

Education

    

Primary school

352 (11.7)

60 (12.0)

169 (11.9)

123 (11.5)

Secondary school

863 (28.8)

126 (25.1)

416 (29.2)

321 (29.9)

High school

1068 (35.6)

184 (36.7)

495 (34.7)

389 (36.3)

Tertiary study

717 (23.9)

132 (26.3)

345 (24.2)

240 (22.4)

Married

2691 (89.7)

427 (85.1)

1278 (89.7)

986 (91.9)

Occupation

    

Government employee

295 (9.8)

43 (8.6)

137 (9.6)

115 (10.7)

Non-government employee

483 (16.1)

80 (15.9)

212 (14.9)

191 (17.8)

Self-employed

595 (19.8)

103 (20.5)

263 (18.5)

229 (21.3)

Farmer/fisherman

870 (29.0)

141 (28.1)

415 (29.1)

314 (29.3)

Others

757 (25.2)

135 (26.9)

398 (27.9)

224 (20.9)

Household income

    

Low tertile

1087 (36.2)

181 (36.1)

543 (38.1)

363 (33.8)

Middle tertile

930 (31.0)

154 (30.7)

439 (30.8)

337 (31.4)

High tertile

983 (32.8)

167 (33.3)

443 (31.1)

373 (34.8)

Smoking

    

Non-smoker

2036 (67.9)

365 (72.7)

1000 (70.2)

671 (62.5)

Ex-smoker

350 (11.7)

57 (11.4)

140 (9.8)

153 (14.3)

Current smoker

614 (20.5)

80 (15.9)

285 (20.0)

249 (23.2)

Alcohol consumption

    

Non-drinker

2114 (70.5)

381 (75.9)

1039 (72.9)

694 (64.7)

Drinker consuming

    

< 1 standard drink/day

416 (13.9)

59 (11.8)

187 (13.1)

170 (15.8)

1-1.9 standard drink/day

201 (6.7)

25 (5.0)

99 (6.9)

77 (7.2)

≥ 2 standard drink/day

269 (9.0)

37 (7.4)

100 (7.0)

132 (12.3)

Physical activity (MET-h/week)

    

Low

1030 (34.3)

142 (28.3)

565 (39.6)

323 (30.1)

Middle

975 (32.5)

170 (33.9)

463 (32.5)

342 (31.9)

High

995 (33.2)

190 (37.8)

397 (27.9)

408 (38.0)

Sleeping hours per day

    

< 6

485 (16.2)

77 (15.3)

227 (15.9)

181 (16.9)

6-6.9

669 (22.3)

123 (24.5)

318 (22.3)

228 (21.2)

7-7.9

915 (30.5)

147 (29.3)

441 (30.9)

327 (30.5)

8-8.9

613 (20.4)

112 (22.3)

294 (20.6)

207 (19.3)

≥ 9

318 (10.6)

43 (8.6)

145 (10.3)

130 (12.1)

Adding sugar to beverages (yes)

1088 (36.3)

177 (35.3)

469 (32.9)

442 (41.2)

Consumption of soft drink (yes)

454 (15.1)

85 (16.9)

198 (13.9)

171 (15.9)

Fruit/vegetable [serving/day]

2.0 [1.9]

2.0 [1.8]

1.7 [1.4]

2.0 [1.8]

Rice consumption [bowl/day]

4.0 [3.0]

4.0 [4.0]

4.0 [3.0]

4.0 [3.0]

Meat consumption [gram/day]

82.9 [100.0]

85.0 [100.0]

80.0 [94.3]

85.7 [122.9]

Using antidiabetic medication (yes)

93 (3.1)

13 (2.6)

47 (3.3)

33 (3.1)

History of diseases of the circulatory system (yes)

51 (1.7)

9 (1.8)

27 (1.9)

15 (1.4)

History of cancer (yes)

18 (0.6)

2 (0.4)

8 (0.6)

8 (0.7)

  1. Figures are n (%), unless otherwise stated; values are median [interquartile range]; MET: metabolic equivalent task