Table 2 Standardized data collection tools
SN | Variable | Tools | Literature | Total items and components | Reliability | Validity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Personal factors | General Self-efficacy Scale (GSE) | R Schwarzer and M Jerusalem [48] | 10 items 4 scales, ranges between 10 and 40 | α = 76 to 0.90 | Strong structural validity |
2 | Situational factors: | Multi-dimensional scale for perceived social support Scale (MSPSS) | GD Zimet, NW Dahlem, SG Zimet and GK Farley [49] | 12-item scale family (4), friends (4), significant other (4). | α = 0.86–0.93) | good construct validity |
3 | School Environment | The school environment scale (SES) | R Glaser, ML Van Horn, M Arthur, J Hawkins and R Catalano [50] | 17 items: chances for pro-social participation (5), rewards for pro-social involvement (4), academic performance (2), commitment to school (6) | α = 0.70–0.76) | Strong construct validity |
4 | Community Environment | The community environment scale (CES) | M Gray and A Sanson [51] | Nine items related to a neighborhood environment | α = 0.84 | Satisfactory construct validity |
5 | Subjective health literacy | HLS-CHILD-Q15 | TM Bollweg, O Okan, P Pinheiro, J Bröder, D Bruland, AM Freţian, OM Domanska, S Jordan and U Bauer [52] | 15-items, access, understand, and apply | α = 0.71 to 0.74 | Significant |
6. | Assessing health-promoting actions | Health-promoting actions questionnaire (HPAQ) | SN Walker, KR Sechrist and NJ Pender [53] | 6 aspects; Self-actualization, health responsibility, nutrition, interpersonal support stress management, and exercise. | 0.92 and | Significant |