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Table 2 Qualitative themes and sub-themes associated with poor child mental health

From: Trauma of separation: the social and emotional impact of institutionalization on children in a post-soviet country

Thematic Category

Sub-Themes

Traumatic experiences prior to institutional placement

Witnessing domestic violence

Father’s substance use

Parental separation or divorce

Absentee father

Traumatic experiences during institutional placement

Sense of abandonment

Cognitive ambivalence

Silent resentment

Maltreatment in institution

Institutional Environment

Limited privacy (Crowded space)

Limited stimulating environment (Deprivation)

Limited personal freedom (Strict regime / discipline)

Limited safety (Maltreatment / bullying)